Medical Terminology for Health Professions - Chapter 4

bi-

two, twice, double

-cele

hernia, tumor, swelling

dys-

bad, difficult, painful

fasci/o

fascia, fibrous band

fibr/o

fiber, fibrous tissue

-ia

abnormal condition

-ic

PERTAINING TO

kines/o, kinesi/o

movement

my/o

muscle

-plegia

paralysis, stroke

-rrhexis

rupture

tax/o

coordination, order

ten/o, tend/o

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

tendin/o

tendon

ton/o

tension, tone, stretching

tri-

three

transverse

cross-wise

sphincter

ring-like

oblique

slanted at an angle

rectus

straight

lateralis

toward the side

skeletal

muscles under voluntary control

heel spur

thickening on the surface of the calcaneus bone

supination

turning the hand so the palm is upward

bradykinesia

symptom of Parkinson's disease; extreme slowness of movement

physiatrist

physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

myofascial

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

tendon

narrow band of nonelastic, fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to bone

adhesion

band of fibers that holds structures together abnormally; can form as the result of an injury or surgery.

paraplegia

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

tenodynia

meaning pain in a tendon

CTS

carpal tunnel syndrome

DTR

deep tissue reflex

ROM

range of motion

RSD

repetitive stress disorder

SCI

spinal cord injury

strain

injury to the body of the muscle or the attachment of a tendon

neuromuscular blocker

a drug that causes temporary muscle paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles

dystonia

condition of abnormal muscle tone that results in impairment of voluntary muscle movement

impingement syndrome

inflamed and swollen tendons caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint cause this condition

ergonomics

study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

antispasmodic

administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder

singultus

medical term for hiccups

myasthenia gravis

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.

ganglion cyst

a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

pronation

movement that turns the palm of the hand downward or backward

myorrhexis

rupture of a muscle

myolysis

the breaking down of muscle tissue

hypokinesia

abnormally decreased muscle function or activity

hamstring

injury can be a strain or tear on any of the three muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knees

myofascial release

specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used t pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, movement restrictions, and temporomandibular joint disorders

electromyogram

process of recording the strength of muscle contractions as the result of electrical stimulation

epicondylitis

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

fibromyalgia syndrome

debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse and or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain and a wide range of other symptoms

flexion

movement during which the knees or elbows are bent to decrease the angle of the joints

planter fasciitis

inflammation of the plantar fascia that causes foot or heel pain when walking or running

intermittent claudication

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

tenolysis

release of a tendon from adhesions

rheumatologist

a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and other diseases of the joints that are characterized by inflammation in the connective tissues

myoparesis

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

spasmodic torticollis

stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

poly-

many

card/o

heart

herni/o

hernia

sphincter/o

tight band

-algia

pain, painful condition

-desis

surgical fixation of joint or bone

-ectomy

surgical removal

-itis

inflammation

-necrosis

tissue death

-otomy

surgical incision

-pathy

disease, suffering, feeling emotion

-rrhaphy

surgical suturing

myomalacia

abnormal softening of a muscle

dorsiflexion

bending the foot upward at the ankle

myotonia

neuromuscular disorder characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscles after a voluntary contraction

tenoplasty

surgical repair of a tendon

adduction

arm moves inward and toward the side of the body

atrophy

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

myocele

herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

sarcopenia

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

atonic

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

dystonia

is a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

hypertonia

condition of excessive tone of the skeletal muscles

hypotonia

a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

myotonia

a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscles after a voluntary contraction