PWS 112 Floral Design Final

Why are flowers and foliages categorized by form/ shape?

For design and and arranging purposes

Name the four categories of floral arrangement shapes

Line, Mass, Form, Filler

Line

Define structure and help be the framework of the design

Mass

Take up space and create volume

Form

Also known as shape flowers; creates focal point

Filler

"Fills" up any extra space

Why do some flowers fit into several shape categories?

Some could be focal points because of their size, so they could be both mass and form flowers, etc.

Line flower

Gladiolus, purple poker

mass flowers

Carnation, rose, hydrangea

form

Bird of paradise, iris, lily

Filler

Baby's breath, statice

When using all four shapes in 1 design, what is the typical order of arrangement and why?

1 Line {sets the framework, shape and size of an arrangement}

2 Form {to achieve emphasis, usually near rim of container, but also can be used on the perimeter to emphasize silhouettes}

3 Mass {to support the focal area and add bulk and weight to the arrangement}

4 Filler {to add accent and complete the design, should harmonize with other flower types and unify the composition}

All-sided design

can be viewed from all sides

The Analysis of Beauty

William Hogarth's book documents his belief that all beauty is based on the serpentine S - line

Asymmetrical triangle design

informal, one side is visually heavier--the side that extends vertically, the other extends horizontally, forming shape of right or isosceles triangle

Bud vase design

single or limited grouping of flowers and foliage--vertical design with bud vase for foundation

Circular design

symmetrical and asymmetrical, curvilinear, allsided, and one-sided designs of circular shape

Collaring

placing foliage around the edge of floral foam (should be angled downward so as to make inserting upright flowers and foliage possible)

Compote

taller container

Cone design

arrangement formed by beginning with a cone shaped floral foam and covering entire surface with short stem foliage and flowers

Crescent design

uses curved lines to form shape of crescent, may be used in pairs to accent object between

C-shape design

same as crescent design

Cube design

round mass in a cube shaped container with stems forming tight grid to keep arrangement in place

Curvilinear design

gives emphasis to curving lines

Equilateral triangle design

all three sides are equal in length

European style

mass design, big, overflowing

Fan-shaped design

one-sided, similar in shape to a fan or half circle. Stems appear to radiate from a central location in the design, balanced and formal

Floral pomander

small topiary ball design hand held by a ribbon

Framework

basic structure of design

Geometric design

line-mass blending of oriental and european style, also known as Western line design

Hogarth curve design

named after William Hogarth who thought all beauty was based on serpentine S-line

Horizontal design

strong emphasis on horizontal lines, parallel with table top or other surface, restful, peaceful

Isosceles triangle design

two equal sides come together to form height of arrangement, base side is unequal

Line design/style

emphasis on line rather than mass, such as curvilinear designs

L-shape design

same as right triangle design

Mass design/style

gives the effect of a circular or rounded silhouette

One-sided design

intended to be viewed from one side

Oriental style

simple line design, lots of negative space

Oval design

usually symmetrical--extension of round form elongated vertically with stems coming from central point and of varying lengths to create form of oval

Radiating design

same as fan shaped

Right triangle design

named for prominent right angle of 90 degrees that forms the design with tall vertical line perpendicular to base line of arrangement, can point to right or left

Round design

appears the same on all sides and from all viewing angles-- called circular, round mound, roundy-moundy, nosegay and tussie-mussie

Scalene triangle design

has unequal sides and angles (apparent obtuse angle, much greater than 90 degrees), generally with a vertical emphasis

S-curve design

Hogarth curve design

Symmetrical triangle design

sides of triangle are mirror image

Topiary ball design

A perfectly round sphere of flowers whose stems have been inserted into a floral foam sphere and supported on a dowel or branches that are anchored into a pot with plaster of Paris.

Triangular design

generally one sided arrangements, can be symmetrical (each side is a mirror image of the other), as the equilateral triangle, isosceles triangle, and cone designs

Vertical design

height emphasized by exaggerating vertical emphasis, creating dynamic appearance of strength

Western line design

line-mass blending of oriental and european style, also known as geometric design

What are the factors that influence the choice of shape for floral arrangements?

Placement or location, viewing angle, table size and shape, eye level, types of flowers and foliage, container, occasion or purpose, whether it is casual or formal

L shape or right triangle

{designs can be made in pairs and face each other or face away from each other to emphasize a central object such as a wedding cake or picture}

Scalene triangle designs

{should either be in a compote foundation or should be placed on a mantle or table in such a way as to allow the lower point to fall freely so as not to damage the flowers}

Equilateral or isosceles triangle shaped designs

{usually one sided and should be placed against a wall. Even if the design is meant to be viewed from one side, special care should be taken to cover mechanics in the back with placement of foliage}

Which arrangement shapes generally require a focal point for maintaining visual balance and interest?

Stylized vertical designs

Why is the S-shaped arrangement known as the Hogarth curve?

named after William Hogarth who thought all beauty was based on serpentine S-line

When can the serpentine line be incorporated into floral decorating work?

At formal gatherings, wedding decorations on cakes, pews and in hair styles, on canopies and as a bridal bouquet, otherwise they usually need a compote vase

Describe the steps of construction for a one-sided triangular design. How do these steps differ from other arrangement styles?

1) soaked floral foam extends beyond container rim, insert stems to establish desired framework

2) add foliage around rim of the container; insert additional stems to soften tall vertical line, help balance horizontal side stem; insert additional stems that repeat height and width of the triangle; add other foliage to conceal mechanics and strengthen framework

3) establish focal point near rim of container where tall vertical stems meet with extended horizontal stems to give balance and stability

4) Fill in triangle form with mass and filler flowers as well as additional foliang to emphasize the focal area, strengthen the triangle shape and conceal the mechanics

Begin with line flowers, then foliage; focal point should balance vertical side

American floral designs are a blending of what 2 diverse styles?

The oriental style or line design and the European style, or mass design, referred to as geometric design or Western line design

What are factors that influence the final shape of a design?

Placement or location, viewing angle, table size and shape, eye level, types of flowers and foliage, container, occasion or purpose, whether it is casual or formal

Name basic shapes of arrangements

Triangular, circular, vertical or horizontal

What does framework refer to?

Basic structure of design

What is first or foremost in determining the shape of the (unmade) design?

The placement of the skeleton flowers or skeleton foliage

symmetrical designs

equilateral triangle design, isosceles triangle design, cone design

asymmetrical designs

Right triangle design (or L-shape), scalene triangle design

Which designs are classified as circular?

Round, cube, oval, fan, crescent, Hogarth (s-shaped), and topiary ball designs

Why are some called mass, while other line/curvilinear?

The mass designs give the effect of a circular or rounded silhouette, whereas the line/curvilinear design gives emphasis to curving lines

What is another names for a fan-shaped design?

Radiating design

What is a topiary ball or cone design?

A perfectly round sphere of flowers whose stems have been inserted into a floral foam sphere and supported on a dowel or branches that are anchored into a pot with plaster of Paris. A small topiary, called a floral pomander, may be carried by a ribbon securely anchored in the ball

Many asymmetrical designs (such as the crescent design) require much negative space for success, why?

If the negative space is filled in with flowers and foliage, the design becomes too full and will lose its crescent shape and look more like a round design with curved lines added

Who is the s-shaped design named for, why?

William Hogarth- self portrait where artist drew a serpentine line with the words "the line of beauty". He theorized that all beauty was based on the serpentine S-line, documenting his beliefs later in The Analysis of Beauty.

Who is the s-shaped design named for, why?

Bud vase design

What is a stylized vertical design?

Highly artistic, may emphasize vertical line with simplicity, texture, design of vase. Requires focal point near rim of vase or at upper edges

What is a cornucopia and what are other names for it?

horn-shaped basket filled with flowers, fruits, and veggies. AKA horn of plenty; represents abundance

What are some important wedding anniversary years and colors?

25th anniversary {Silver anniversary}

50th anniversary {Golden Anniversary}

What are some other names for a presentation bouquet?

queen's bouquet or arm bouquet

What is a hand tied bouquet?

A European bouquet that is made in one hand while the other hand places flowers and foliage in a spiral pattern within the bouquet, and generally tied together with ribbon

What are some good guidelines for hospital designs?

Size of the floral design - small, low maintenance, select maintenance free and long lasting flowers and foliage, no fragrance

Chenille Stem

{pipe cleaners that can be formed into shapes, esp hearts at valentine's day (fun fact, chenille is borrowed from french and it means caterpillar)}

What are some guidelines for corsage design?

Theme and style, size and shape, mechanics and balance, focal area.

Theme and style

affect the color and style of floral piece. Occasion and environment.

size and shape

must be in proportion to the person who will be wearing the corsage, boutonniere, or hair piece. Size/scale varies with trends and styles.

Mechanics and balance

the piece must be secure and stable in container or on person. Balance: stability. Mechanics: well-constructed, retains its shape through entire event/purpose. Lightweight and easy to wear.

Focal area

draws the attention and provides a visual as well as physical area where all lines converge.

What is conditioning?

a technique that allows flowers and foliage to fully hydrate with water and preservative before being used in designs

Why are corsages wired and taped?

It replaces most of the natural stems, making it smaller and lighter. Wire allows more freedom in design, making it easier to maneuver and keep flowers in position. Wire strengthens and provides a new stem.

Pierce wiring

most common for rounded head flowers with a visible calyx. A straight wire is poked through the stem and floral tape wraps it to the stem.

Feathering

splitting a carnation apart to make smaller flowers.

Hook wiring

flowers with flattened heads have a hooked wire put through them to strengthen and lengthen the stem.

Hairpin wiring

fine, u-shaped wire to support fragile and tiny florets.

Insertion wiring

straight wire is parallel to stem and wrapped.

Wrap-around wiring

group delicate stems and petite flowers together with wire wrapped around all of them.

Cross-wiring

two wires are perpendicularly inserted through the stem.

Manufactured stems

keeps flowers from wilting.

Stitch-wiring

wire is stitched through to give support and length.

What are accessories?

Accessories - ribbons, loops, bows, netting tufts, jewels, other novelties

What are some advantages to making and using ribbon loops in corsages?

Adds decor, is firmly attached

What is tulle?

Netting

Where is a corsage/boutonniere traditionally worn and why?

On the shoulder, over the heart, to set the wearer apart and to show appreciation and to distinguish the wearer

What is a nestled boutonniere?

Smaller flower such as a rose put inside a larger flower such as a carnation