Chemistry - Naming Inorganic Compounds, Balancing Equations, and Reaction Types

Polyatomic

A compound with more than two elements.

What type of bond is formed between a metal and a nonmetal?

An ionic bond (electron transfer, charges formed).

How do you name an ionic compound?

The name of the metal, then the nonmetal ending in -ide (ex: Magnesium Sulfide).

What is the charge of a metallic ion?

Positive (loses electrons).

What is the charge of a nonmetallic ion?

Negative (gains electrons).

What is the point of the stock naming system?

It specifies the charge of a metallic ion using roman numerals.

When should you use prefixes in formulas?

When the formula is a binary molecular compound (two nonmetals).

What is the name of N₂O₅?

Dinitrogen pentoxide.

What is the name of NO?

Nitrogen monoxide.

What is the name of NH₃?

Ammonia.

What element is exempt from the prefix rule?

Hydrogen.

How do you name an acid that consists of hydrogen and a nonmetal?

Hydro + “nonmetal”-ic acid (ex: Hydrochloric acid or HCl).

How do you name an acid that consists of hydrogen and a polyatomic ion?

No hydro prefix. If it polyatomic ion ends in ite, change it to ous. If it ends is ate, change it to ic. Add acid at the end (ex: Nitrous acid or HNO₂).

What does aqueous (aq) mean?

It dissovles in water and is an acid.

Subscript

Shows how many atoms are in a molecule.

Cofficient

Shows how many molecules are in a chemical.

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed.

Law of Conservation of Mass

Two or more substances combine to form one product.

H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl

Synthesis/Combination

A single compound is broken down into simpler components.

CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂

Decompisition

One element replaces a second element found in a compound.

Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu

Single replacement

Involves the exchange of positive ions (cations) between two compounds.

AgNO₃ + KCl → AgCl + KNO₃

Double replacement

An element or compound reacts with oxygen often producing energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

Combustion

What is the formula to convert moles to grams?

Moles x molar mass

What is avogadro’s number?

6.022 × 10^23

What is the formula for determining the number of moles per gram of a chemical?

Grams ÷ molar mass (1mol NaCl/58.9g/mol NaCl = 0.43 mol NaCl)