Renal-Pulm Midterm Practice Q's

The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi and terminal bronchioles are all structures of the ___.

a. conducting zone

b. respiratory zone

a. conducting zone

1 multiple choice option

The respiratory bronchi, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac, and alveoli are all structures of the ___.

a. conducting zone

b. respiratory zone

b. respiratory zone

1 multiple choice option

The hyoid bone is located at the level of ___.

a. C6

b. C4

c. T4

d. C2

b. C4

3 multiple choice options

The cricoid cartilage is located at the level of ___.

a. C6

b. C4

c. T4

d. C2

a. C6

3 multiple choice options

The tracheal carina is located where?

a. C4

b. C6

c. T6

d. T4

d. T4

3 multiple choice options

What is the landmark used to see proper alignment on a lateral cervical x-ray?

a. hyoid

b. cricoid

c. carina

d. none of the above

a. hyoid

3 multiple choice options

The ___ primary bronchi is shorter, wider and more vertical than the ___ primary bronchi.

a. Right; Left

b. Left; Right

c. Anterior; Posterior

d. Superior; Inferior

a. Right; Left

3 multiple choice options

How many secondary bronchi are associated with the right lung?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

c. 3

3 multiple choice options

What bronchi is also referred to as segmental bronchi?

a. primary

b. tertiary

c. secondary

d. none of them are referred to as segmental

b. tertiary

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following are stratified squamous epithelium and are associated with gas exchange?

a. Dust cells

b. alveolar pores

c. type 2 alveolar cells

d. type 1 alveolar cells

d. type 1 alveolar cells

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following are simple cuboidal epithelium and are associated with surfactant secretion?

a. Dust cells

b. alveolar pores

c. type 2 alveolar cells

d. type 1 alveolar cells

c. type 2 alveolar cells

3 multiple choice options

These cells are known as mature lymphocytes that assist in removal of inhaled substances.

a. type 1

b. type 2

c. dust cells

d. alveolar pores

c. dust cells

3 multiple choice options

____ allow for equal pressure between adjacent alveoli.

a. alveolar pores

b. dust cells

c. type 1 cells

d. type 2 cells

a. alveolar pores

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following describes intrapulmonary pressure?

a. the pressure within the pleural cavity

b. the pressure within the alveoli of the lungs

c. 4mmhg lower than intrapulmonary pressure

d. none of the above

b. the pressure within the alveoli of the lungs

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following describes intrapleural pressure?

a. the pressure within the pleural cavity

b. the pressure within the alveoli of the lungs

c. 4mmhg lower than intrapulmonary pressure

d. none of the above

a. the pressure within the pleural cavity

3 multiple choice options

____ is 4 mmhg lower than intrapulmonary pressure.

a. atmospheric pressure

b. lung pressure

c. intrapulmonary pressure

d. intrapleural pressure

d. intrapleural pressure

3 multiple choice options

Surfactant consist of ___ protein, ___ phospholipids and ___ neutral lipids.

a. 80%; 10%; 10%

b. 10%; 80%; 10%

c. 10%; 10%; 80%

d. 40%; 40%; 20%

b. 10%; 80%; 10%

3 multiple choice options

Concerning Boyle's Law: if pressure ____ then volume _____ with a constant temperature.

a. increases, decreases

b. decreases, increases

c. increases, increases

d. a and b are correct

d. a and b are correct

3 multiple choice options

Concerning Boyle's Law: if pressure decreases then volume increases with a/an ______ in temperature.

a. elevation

b. constant

c. air

d. none

b. constant

3 multiple choice options

Tidal volume (TV) is ___ of air inhaled/exhaled under normal resting conditions.

a. 3100mL

b. 1200mL

c. 500mL

d. 2400mL

c. 500mL

3 multiple choice options

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is ____ of air forcefully inhaled following a normal tidal volume.

a. 3100mL

b. 1200mL

c. 500mL

d. 2400mL

a. 3100mL

3 multiple choice options

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is ____ of air forcefully exhaled following a normal tidal volume.

a. 3100mL

b. 1200mL

c. 500mL

d. 2400mL

b. 1200mL

3 multiple choice options

Residual Volume (RV) is ____ of air remaining in the lungs following a expiratory reserve volume (ERV).

a. 3100mL

b. 1200mL

c. 500mL

d. 2400mL

b. 1200mL

3 multiple choice options

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is described by the formula;

a. TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV (6000mL)

b. TLC = IRV + ERV + RV (4800mL)

c. TLC = TV + IRV (3600mL)

d. TLC = ERV + RV (2400mL)

a. TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV (6000mL)

3 multiple choice options

Vital Capacity (VC) is described by the formula;

(Max amount of air expired after max inhale)

a. VC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV (6000mL)

b. VC = TV + IRV + ERV (4800mL)

c. VC = TV + IRV (3600mL)

d. VC = ERV + RV (2400mL)

b. VC = TV + IRV + ERV (4800mL)

3 multiple choice options

Inspiratory Capacity (IC) is described with the formula;

(Total amount of air that can be inhaled)

a. IC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV (6000mL)

b. IC = IRV + ERV + RV (4800mL)

c. IC = TV + IRV (3600mL)

d. IC = ERV + RV (2400mL)

c. IC = TV + IRV (3600mL)

3 multiple choice options

Functional Residual Capacity is best described by the formula;

(Amount of air remaining in lungs following normal TV)

a. FRC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV (6000mL)

b. FRC = IRV + ERV + RV (4800mL)

c. FRC = TV + IRV (3600mL)

d. FRC = ERV + RV (2400mL)

d. FRC = ERV + RV (2400mL)

3 multiple choice options

Anatomical dead space is ____ of air from a 500mL Tidal Volume inhalation that fills the conduction zone.

a. 350mL

b. 150mL

c. 250mL

c. 250mL

b. 150mL

2 multiple choice options

Anemic hypoxia is due to a decrease in ___.

a. red blood cells

b. hemoglobin

c. oxygen

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

3 multiple choice options

Which hypoxia is due to conditions such as COPD, emphysema, or carbon monoxide poisoning?

a. Anemic

b. Ischemic

c. Histotoxic

d. Hypoxic

d. Hypoxic

3 multiple choice options

The normal pH of blood is ____ and the normal blood temperature is 100.4 degrees F or 38 degrees C.

a. 6.35-7.45

b. 7.35-7.45

c. 7.35-8.45

d. 7

b. 7.35-7.45

3 multiple choice options

What is the normal blood volume in liters? ( accounts for 8% of our body weight)

a. 1-2

b. 3-4

c. 5-6

d. 7-8

c. 5-6

3 multiple choice options

True or False. Dalton's Law of partial pressures for atmospheric air are:

Nitrogen ~ 78.6%

Oxygen ~ 20.9%

Carbon dioxide ~ .04%

Water vapor ~ .46%

a. True

b. False

a. True

1 multiple choice option

True or False. CO2 is transported in the blood as:

~70% bicarbonate (HCO3)

~20% bound to RBC's (Hb)

~7-10% dissolved in plasma

a. True

b. False

a. True

1 multiple choice option

Hypercapnia refers to _____ levels of CO2 in the body and is associated with _____.

a. high; hyperventilation

b. high; hypoventilation

c. low; hyperventilation

d. low; hypoventilation

b. high; hypoventilation

3 multiple choice options

Hypocapnia refers to _____ levels of CO2 in the body and is associated with _____.

a. high; hyperventilation

b. high; hypoventilation

c. low; hyperventilation

d. low; hypoventilation

c. low; hyperventilation

3 multiple choice options

What is apnea?

a. difficulty breathing

b. difficulty swallowing

c. cessation of breathing

d. shortness of breath

c. cessation of breathing

3 multiple choice options

Dyspnea is difficulty breathing or shortness of breath and is caused by?

a. choking and sleep

b. respiratory arrest

c. exercise, altitude, sedentary lifestyle, etc.

d. two of these answers are correct

c. exercise, altitude, sedentary lifestyle, etc.

3 multiple choice options

The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary arteries is ____ and the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli, after inhalation is _____.

a. 40mmHg, 104 mmHg

b. 40mmHg, 45 mmHg

c. 45mmHg, 40 mmHg

d. 45mmHg, 104 mmHg

a. 40mmHg, 104 mmHg

3 multiple choice options

The partial pressure of CO2 in the pulmonary arteries is ____ and the partial pressure of CO2 in the alveoli, after inhalation is _____.

a. 40mmHg, 104 mmHg

b. 40mmHg, 45 mmHg

c. 45mmHg, 40 mmHg

d. 45mmHg, 104 mmHg

c. 45mmHg, 40 mmHg

3 multiple choice options

What is the most common cause of primary lung cancer?

a. squamous cell carcinoma

b. adenocarcinoma

c. large cell carcinoma

d. none of the above

b. adenocarcinoma

3 multiple choice options

Adenocarcinoma most commonly occurs in the _____ of the lungs.

a. periphery

b. major bronchi

c. epithelial cells

d. none of the above

a. periphery

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following are common sites for metastasis?

a. lung and liver

b. lymphatic tissue and bone

c. brain

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

3 multiple choice options

What is the second most common caused of missed school day in children behind only the common cold?

a. Emphysema

b. Sinusitis

c. Asthma

d. Bronchiectasis

c. Asthma

3 multiple choice options

True or False. Intrinsic causes of asthma include allergens and pollen, while extrinsic causes of asthma include viral infection.

a. True

b. False

b. False

1 multiple choice option

Streptococcal pneumonia and Klebsiella pneumonia may have ____ as a contributing factor.

a. Diabetes

b. Alcoholism

c. Smoking

d. Caffeine

b. Alcoholism

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following causes an increase release of protease causing the breakdown of proteins in tissues?

a. Panacinar emphysema

b. Centriacinar emphysema

c. Asthma

d. Chronic bronchitis

b. Centriacinar emphysema

3 multiple choice options

True or False. Panacinar emphysema is due to an increase of Alpha-1-Antitrypsin causing the breakdown of elastic tissue.

a. True

b. False

b. False

1 multiple choice option

Which of the following does NOT consist of hyaline cartilage?

a. thyroid

b. arytenoid

c. cricoid

d. corniculate

d. corniculate

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following consist of elastic cartilage?

a. epiglottis

b. corniculate

c. eustachian tube

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

3 multiple choice options

What structure is associated with "keel of a ship"?

a. hyoid

b. carina

c. cricoid

d. epiglottis

b. carina

3 multiple choice options

What is the secondary bronchi also known as?

a. segmental

b. hilum

c. lobar

d. bronchiole

c. lobar

3 multiple choice options

How many secondary bronchi are associated with the left lung?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

b. 2

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following does the alveolar duct consist of?

a. smooth muscle

b. elastic fibers

c. collagen fibers

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

3 multiple choice options

How many primary bronchi are there?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 10

b. 2

3 multiple choice options

True or False. Gas exchange occurs via simple diffusion across the respiratory membrane which is also known as alveoli-capillary membrane.

a. True

b. False

a. True

1 multiple choice option

How many tertiary bronchi are there on one side?

a. about 10

b. 20

c. about 23

d. none of the above

a. about 10

3 multiple choice options

What is the structure known as the "tongue of the lung"?

a. carina

b. epiglottis

c. lingula

d. lobar

c. lingula

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is the function for type 2 alveolar cells?

a. functions in gas exchange

b. clean up debris and foreign body

c. allow for equal pressure throughout alveoli

d. secretes surfactant to reduce friction

d. secretes surfactant to reduce friction

3 multiple choice options

What is atmospheric pressure?

a. pressure within the alveoli

b. pressure that is produced by the air surrounding our body

c. pressure within the pleural cavity

d. none of the above

b. pressure that is produced by the air surrounding our body

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is equivalent to 1 atmosphere?

a. 760mmHg

b. 4mmHg

c. 14.7 psi

d. a and c are correct

d. a and c are correct

3 multiple choice options

If you are at sea level and go down 33 ft below sea level, how many atmospheres are you at?

a. 1 atmosphere

b. 2 atmospheres

c. 3 atmospheres

d. 4 atmospheres

b. 2 atmospheres

3 multiple choice options

What is a collapsed lung also known as?

a. emphysema

b. asthma

c. atelectasis

d. bronchiectasis

c. atelectasis

3 multiple choice options

What is the most common thorax problem?

a. pneumothorax

b. chylothorax

c. hemothorax

d. pyothorax

a. pneumothorax

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is correct?

(Match each condition to its definition.)

a. pneumothorax = purulent exudate in the pleural space

chylothorax = blood in the pleural space

hemothorax = lymph in the pleural space

pyothorax = air in the pleural space

b. pneumothorax = air in the pleural space

chylothorax = lymph in the pleural space

hemothorax = blood in the pleural space

pyothorax = purulent exudate in the pleural space

c. pneumothorax = lymph in the pleural space

chylothorax = purulent exudate in the pleural space

hemothorax = blood in the pleural space

pyothorax = air in the pleural space

d. none of the above

b. pneumothorax = air in the pleural space

chylothorax = lymph in the pleural space

hemothorax = blood in the pleural space

pyothorax = purulent exudate in the pleural space

3 multiple choice options

True or False. The Boyle's Law formula is P1V1 = P2V2.

a. True

b. False

a. True

1 multiple choice option

Too little surfactant can cause collapse of alveoli and lead to which of the following conditions?

a. acectalisis

b. infantile respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

c. chronic bronchitis

d. asthma

b. infantile respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following are NOT muscles involved in EXPIRATION?

a. external intercostals and subcostalis

b. internal intercostals and innermost intercostals

c. serratus posterior inferior and quadratus lumborum

d. sternocostalis

a. external intercostals and subcostalis

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following are muscles involved with INSPIRATION?

a. external intercostals and subcostalis

b. diaphragm and subcostalis

c. SCM, scalenes and serratus posterior superior

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

3 multiple choice options

What is the intrapleural pressure (pressure in the pleural cavity)?

a. 760mmHg

b. 756mmHg

c. 500mmHg

d. None of the above

b. 756mmHg

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is associated with causing ischemic/stagnant hypoxia?

a. pulmonary diseases i.e. pneumonia, emphysema, COPD, carbon monoxide poisoning

b. cellular poisoning i.e. cyanide, arsenic, lead or mercury

c. decreased blood flow i.e. atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, embolism or thrombus

d. decreased red blood cells or hemoglobin

c. decreased blood flow i.e. atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, embolism or thrombus

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is associated with causing histotoxic hypoxia?

a. pulmonary diseases i.e. pneumonia, emphysema, COPD, carbon monoxide poisoning

b. cellular poisoning i.e. cyanide, arsenic, lead or mercury

c. decreased blood flow i.e. atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, embolism or thrombus

d. decreased red blood cells or hemoglobin

b. cellular poisoning i.e. cyanide, arsenic, lead or mercury

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is associated with causing hypoxic hypoxia?

a. pulmonary diseases i.e. pneumonia, emphysema, COPD, carbon monoxide poisoning

b. cellular poisoning i.e. cyanide, arsenic, lead or mercury

c. decreased blood flow i.e. atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, embolism or thrombus

d. decreased red blood cells or hemoglobin

a. pulmonary diseases i.e. pneumonia, emphysema, COPD, carbon monoxide poisoning

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following are symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

a. cherry red skin

b. headache

c. lethargy

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

3 multiple choice options

True or False. Methemoglobinemia is the inability for Fe3 to bind oxygen and is known as "Blue Baby syndrome".

a. True

b. False

a. True

1 multiple choice option

What are some causes for hypercapnia/hypoventilation?

a. COPD, alcohol/drugs

b. anxiety

c. hypertension

d. stress

a. COPD, alcohol/drugs

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following are NOT causes for hypocapnia/hyperventilation?

a. asthma, head trauma

b. anxiety, stress

c. hypertension

d. all of the above

a. asthma, head trauma

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following are examples of obstructive lung diseases?

a. pneumonia and emphysema

b. bronchiectasis

c. chronic bronchitis

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is NOT an example of restrictive lung diseases?

a. ankylosing spondylosis

b. scoliosis, pleurisy

c. subluxation or fracture

d. asthma, TB

d. asthma, TB

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is NOT a sign/symptom of "Pink puffer"?

a. pursed lip breathing, pink skin

b. SOB, cachexia

c. minimal cough

d. cyanosis

d. cyanosis

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following are characteristics of a "Blue bloater"?

a. obese, peripheral edema

b. wheezing and crackling

c. barrel-chested and productive cough

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is INcorrectly matched with their cause? (Industrial lung diseases)

a. silicosis = sand

b. coccidiomycosis = San Joaquin valley fever

c. anthracosis = coal

d. all of them are correct

e. asbestosis = asbestos

f. histoplasmosis = mississippi/ohio valley syndrome

g. psittacosis = birds

h. siderosis = iron

i. byssinosis = cotton

d. all of them are correct

3 multiple choice options