Oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmotic theory

Quick recap of ATP

ATP is useful in many biological processes explain why ?

Release energy in small manageable amount

Broken down in one step / single bone broken for immediate energy supply

Phosphorylate / Pi to make substances more reactive with lower activation energy

Rapidly reformed / made again ( regenerated )

how many ATPs have been produced since glycolysis till kerb’s cycle ?

4 ATPs produced

2 from glycolysis

2 from kreb’s cycle

what is the product of the link reaction ?

Acetyl CoA

what product from the glycolysis and the kerb;s cycle are used in oxidative phosphorylation ? 

FADH from Kreb’s 

NADH from Glycolysis 

what are some examples of Coenzyme ?

NAD and FAD

What is the Coenzyme NAD and FAD reduced to ?

Reduced to NADH and FADH when they accepted the Hydrogen atoms released during glycolysis , link , kreb’s.

what does NADH and FADH carries ?

NADH and FADH carry the protons ( H+) and electrons to the mitochondrial crustal or oxidative phosphorylation.

what is the functions of mitochondrial cristae ?

Allow higher SA in mitochondrial membrane for the electron carrier protein and ATP synthase enzymes. 

how many reduced NAD in all reactions : Glycolysis , Link , Kreb’s

2 in all reactions

how many reduced FAD in all reactions : Glycolysis , link , kreb’s 

only 2 in Kreb’s cycle 

How is ATP produced ? 

Production of ATP: ADP is phosphorylated by Pi to ATP in the presence of oxygen 

what is the definition of Oxidative Phosphorylation ?

The formation of ATP using energy released in the electron transport chain and in the presence of oxygen. Its is the last stage of aerobic respiration. 

what is the definition of chemiosmosis ? 

Flow of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane, through a channel associated with ATP synthase. 

where does Oxidative Phosphorylation take place ?

In the mitochondria, Involves electrons carrier proteins arranged in the electron transport chain, embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

what is the process of oxidative phosphorylation ? last stage of aerobic respiration 

1) Reduced NAD + FAD are reoxidised when they deliver their hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain .

2) The hydrogen atoms released from the reduced coenzymes split into protons and electrons. 

3) The protons go into solutions in the mitochondrial matrix. 

what is the electron transport chain ?

The proton gradient and chemiosmosis