chemical analysis

what is a pure substance

a pure substance is a single element or compound, not mixed with any other substance.

how can u test the purity of a substance

By measuring their melting or boiling point of the substance and comparing it with the MP or BP of the pure substance which can be found from a data book.

The closer the value is to the acc melting or boiling point, the purer it is.

How do impurities affect the melting point of a substance?

It will lower the melting point and increase the melting range of the substance. They also increase the boiling point resulting in your sample boiling at a range of temperatures

what is the test for chlorine

It bleaches damp litmus paper turning it white

What is the test for oxygen

If you put a glowing splint in a test tube containing oxygen then the oxygen will relight the glowing splint

what is the test for carbon dioxide

bubbling carbon dioxide through a aquesiosu solution of limewater causes the solution to turn cloudy

whats the test for hydrogen

if you hold a lit splint at the open end of a test tube containing hydrgoen you will get squeaky pop sound

what is a formulation

useful mixtures with a precise purpose which are made by following a formula

describe the componennts in a formulation

they are present in a measured quantity contributing to the properties of the formulation so that they meet its required function

what are examples of formulations

cleaning products

fuels

cosmetics

fertilisers