cells

passive transport

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration that does not require ATP

passive transport examples

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

active transport

movement of molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration across a semi permeable membrane that requires ATP

active transport examples

endocytosis and exocytosis

facilitated

entry through a protein

simple transport

can go through membrane easily - doesn’t require a protein

osmosis

the movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration across a semi permeable membrane

endocytosis and exocytosis

the bulk transport of molecules across the membrane - cell either engulfs or ejects material - requires ATP

exocytosis

exiting from the cell, getting rid of waste product

endocytosis

entering the cell, phagocytosis - solid particles, pinocytosis - liquid particles

Stroma - chloroplast

clear liquid that contains enzymes, light dependent reaction occurs here - enzymes increase the rate of reaction, clear liquid allows light to move through thylakoids without being reflected

photosynthesis equation

carbon dioxide + water — glucose + oxygen

light dependent reactions use

H20, light (ADP, NADP+)

light dependent reactions produce

o2, ATP, NADPH

light dependent reactions occurs

thylakoid membrane

light dependent reactions happens

sunlight gets absorbed by the chlorophyll splitting water into H+ and o2

light independent reactions use

co2, ATP, H+

light independent reactions produces

glucose

light independent reactions occurs

stroma of chloroplast

light independent reactions happens

co2 diffuses into chloroplast goes through calvin cycle, combined with H+ to become glucose and is powered by ATP

factors affecting rate of photosynthesis - light intensity

light intensity increasing causes chlorophyll to become saturated, co2+H20 may be limiting, temp not at optimum

factors affecting rate of photosynthesis - carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide increasing causes not enough water being split into H+ to combine with co2 and form glucose, low light intensity, temp not at optimum, calvin cycle becomes saturated