Epidemiology Lecture 1

_____ epidemiology is used to identify populations based on risk exposure

descriptive

____ epidemiology is used to understand determinates (causes) of disease

analytic

Phillies baseball players dying of brain cancer is an example of _____ epidemiology

descriptive epidemiology

Descriptive epidemiology looks at the

who, where, when of diseases

Rare cancer seen among homosexual men in NY and CA is an example of _____ epidemiology

analytic epidemiology

collective or individual risk factor (or sets of factors) that is causally related to a health condition, outcome, or other characteristic

determinates

occurrence of diseases and other health outcomes varies in populations

distribution

either a contact with a disease-causing factor or the amount that impinges upon a group or individuals

exposures

morbidity

illness due to certain disease (b for "Bad")

mortality

death from various causes (t for "TOTALLY bad")

the counting of cases within a certain illness or health concern

quantification

The proportion of persons within a specified population who develop the outcome (onset of disease or death) within a defined period of time

risk

Risk=

new cases (A)/persons at risk (N)

If the risk, prevalence, or incidence rate = 1, this means

everyone developed the outcome

The proportion of persons within a population who have the condition of interest

prevalence

Prevalence =

cases (C) /persons at risk (N)

Measures the rapidity with which newly diagnosed cases of a disease develop

incidence rate

Incidence rate=

New cases (A)/ persons at risk (People * Timeframe)

Survival=

Newly diagnosed- deaths/newly diagnosed

**1 = all survive

Survival requires a _____

timeframe (usually 5 years)

Proportion of persons (or population) with a particular condition who die within a specified period of time

case fatality

Case fatality=

number of deaths (D)/number of diagnosed persons (A)

case fatality is inverse to

survival

Descriptive epidemiology is NOT ____ it is _____

NOT causal, it is correlative

Framingham Heart Study

a large epidemiologic study begun in the 1940s designed to assess the relationship between lifestyle factors and risk for heart disease

Pima indians in the US have a high prevalence of ____ than those in mexico

diabetes