APUSH - Period 4 1800 - 1848

Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson is elected ( democratic republican ) change from Federalist - Democratic Republicans. Gets settled in the house.

Partisan Press

A type of media that supported a political party and shaped public opinion during the early 19th century, often characterized by biased reporting in favor of specific party agendas.

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the United States, he expanded the power of the Supreme Court through Marbury v. Madison, and gave the power of Judicial Review to the supreme court ( they can declare something unconstitutional )

Marbury v. Madison

A landmark Supreme Court case from 1803 that established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Court to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.

Election of 1804

Passes the 12th Amendment which required electors to cast separate ballots for president and vice president, modifying the electoral process.

Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon offers all of the Louisiana Territory for a really good deal, gives us the Mississippi.

Lewis and Clarke

Explorers of the Louisiana Purchase, wanted to find a water route to the Pacific, guided by Sacagawea.

Barbary Pirates

North African pirates who attacked the USS Constitution, they wanted protection money, Washington and Adams paid this, but Jefferson did not. Jefferson declares war on the pirates.

Chesapeake Affair

British soldiers boarded the USS Chesapeake without permission and the Chesapeake fought back.

Embargo Act

A law passed in 1807 that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports, aimed at achieving neutrality and avoiding war.

Election of 1808

Maddison wins ( Federalist )

War Hawks

A coalition of young politicians in Congress who advocated for war against Britain in the lead-up to the War of 1812, pushing for expansion and asserting national honor.

War of 1812

Madison, decides to invade Canada, the Idea was to gain land and territory.The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815, primarily over maritime rights and the impressment of American sailors, as well as territorial expansion into Canada.

Treaty of Ghent

Ends the War of 1812, all the pre-war problem are over, we gain respect from the British.

12th Amendment

The president and the vice president run together.

Democratic Republicans

Believed in less federal taxes, more state taxes, believed in the common person, less aristocratic.

Hamilton - Burr

Burr kills Hamilton.

Non-Intercourse Act

No trade with England and France.

Hartford Convention

Federalists want New England to succeed from the union, the Federalists die after this convention.

Battle of New Orleans

A significant battle in the War of 1812 where American forces, led by Andrew Jackson, achieved a decisive victory against the British.

American System

An economic plan proposed by Henry Clay aimed at promoting national economic growth through infrastructure, a national bank, and protective tariffs.

Era of Good Feeling

The US has beat the British twice, we are economically stable, relative political union and peace.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Declares monopolization unconstitutional.

Panic of 1819

Caused because of land speculation, we buy a lot of land in hoes to profit from selling it. loan form the Bank of the US ( no one buys the land = a recession ), also caused by British Dumping, British import things to America for cheaper than you can in the US so the American business go out of business.

Monroe Doctrine

Negotiated by John Quincy Adams, said that no new colonies in the Americans could be made, it served as a warning for the Europeans to stay out of our affairs.

Missouri Compromise

Missouri wants to enter for statehood, the Northern free states want Missouri to be free, because they want control of the Senate, the Missouri Compromise established that all states bellow Missouri would be slave states ( 36th 30th parallel ), Maine enters as a free state which also throws off the balance anyway.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

The Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokees were an independent nation and had unquestionable rights to their land. Jackson ignores this and tells them to get out anyway.

Trail of Tears

A forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation from their ancestral lands to designated Indian Territory in Oklahoma, resulting in significant suffering and loss of life.

Seminole Wars

A series of conflicts between the United States and the Seminole Native American nation in Florida, primarily over land disputes and the enforcement of removal policies. The wars were marked by guerrilla tactics from the Seminoles and resulted in significant casualties on both sides.

Yeoman Farmers

Independent, small-scale farmers who owned their land and worked it themselves, Jefferson wanted this to be all over the US.

Nat Turner

Was born a slave and became a preacher, he gathered a bunch of rebels and killed a lot of slave owners in the night. ( Nat Turner’s Rebellion )

Lowell/Waltham Systems

Factory system Massachusetts, which employed young women for textile manufacturing under strict conditions and aimed to create a model for industrial labor.

Commonwealth v. Hunt

Ruled that labor unions are legal and that they can strike

Boom Bust Cycle

Put people to work and then lay them off, happens because of supply and demand

Mccullough v. Maryland

Maryland wants to get rid of the bank of the US which was operated by the federal government, but the Supreme Court ruled that states cannot tax federal institutions.

Adams - Onis Treaty

How we get Florida ( from Spain )

Laissez Faire Economics

Hands off economic system, government does not get involved in business or the economy.

The Erie Canal

A waterway that connects the Hudson River to Lake Erie, facilitating transportation and trade in the early 19th century.

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts = mass production = factories = increase in slavery

Elias Howe

Invented the sewing machine

John Deere

Invented the steel plow

Cyrus McCormick

Invented the reaper

Robert Fulton

Invented the steamboat

Social Mobility

The ability for individuals or groups to move up or down the social hierarchy, often influenced by factors such as education, income, and occupation.

The North

Economic: Industrial ( Puritan work ethic )

Social: factories, urban, live in a city, socialize more

Population: migrants ( factories in the north )

Transportation ( a lot )

Government: power to the federal gov, want high tariffs

The South

Economic: Agriculture ( Cotton )

Social : rural, country

Population: much less than the North

Transportation: much less than the North

Race: Number of slaves have grown

Government: Power to the states, want low tariffs ( they don’t need tariffs because of slavery )

Second Great Awakening

Focus on individual self improvement, Baptist and Methodist churches

Asylums

Places for the mentally ill, were not safe, and were in horrible condition, the people there were also treated terribly

Dorothea Dix

Fought against mistreatment of the mentally ill in asylums and helped states build public institutions ( Reformed the asylums )

Temperance Movement

Abstinence from alcohol, tied with the suffrage, and abolitionist movement

Horace Mann

Founder of public schools in America

Joseph Smith

Founder of the Mormons ( in New York )

Brigham Young

Moves the Mormons to Utah

Abolition

Movement to get rid of slavery in the US

Lane Debate

Seminar debating colonization and slavery

Mott, Stanton, and the Grimkes

Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were suffragettes, and Sarah and Elizabeth Grimkes were abolitionists and suffragettes

Election of 1824

The democrat party splits, Jacksonians become Democrats, and the Southern Democrats and Democratic Republicans become Whigs. ( John Quincy Adams wins democratic republican )

Election of 1828

Jackson wins ( democrats )

Nullification

John C. Calhoun Jackson’s VP resigns because of the Tariff of Abomination South Carolina nullifies it, but Jackson ignores them and passes the Force Bill. South Carolina gets upset about this and almost succeeds.

Election of 1832

The bank of the US dies, because Jackson wins

Pet Banks

Each state has their own private banks ( part of the bank wars )

Specie Circular

Makes everyone pay back the loans from the Revolutionary War in gold and silver, makes it hard to pay back the Back of the US and hurts it, gets rid of paper money

Whigs

Anti-Jackson party, favored economic expansion through an active gov., led by Henry Clay, and also gain power in the Election of 1840

Election of 1836

Van Buren wins, panic of 1836 caused by land speculation and the bank wars, independent treasury system is put into place and puts all money from the federal bank into storage ( fails )

Election of 1840

Harrison wins and dies in office, John Tyler takes over after his death, Whigs take control off all of the branches

Corrupt Bargain

Henry Clay makes deal with Adams Jackson does not likes this and calls it Corrupt Bargaining

Spoils System

it isn't what you know it's who you know, Jackson puts his friends in office for political power.

Kitchen Cabinet

Jacksons group of political advisors who were friends, separate and not approved by Congress.

Bank Wars

“ War “ between Jackson and Biddle because Jackson does not like the bank of the US and Biddle is the leader of it, they do a bunch of different things to beat each other but Jackson ultimately wins.

Indian Removal Act

The forcible removal of Native Americans from their ancestral homelands by the United States gov. to reservations out west.

Texas War of Independence

The Texas Revolution was a war where Texan colonists, mostly Americans, fought against the Mexican government to gain their independence and create their own country, the Republic of Texas. It happened because the Texans didn't like the Mexican government's laws and how things were being run. Resulted in Texas becoming a state, and the Mexican American War.