Electronic Components and Symbols

These flashcards cover key electronic components, their functions, and associated symbols for study and review.

Resistor

A component that opposes the flow of electric current in a circuit, measured in ohms (Ω), used to control voltage, current, and power levels.

Capacitor

A component that stores electrical energy in an electric field, acting like a small rechargeable battery, used for filtering signals and smoothing voltage fluctuations.

Inductor

A component that opposes changes in current flowing through it and stores energy in a magnetic field, used in transformers and filtering applications.

Diode

A component that allows current to flow in one direction only, used for rectifying AC to DC voltage.

Transformer

A passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.

Transistor

Versatile components that amplify electrical signals and act as electronic switches, essential in modern electronic devices.

Integrated Circuits (ICs)

Complex miniaturized circuits that contain millions of components on a silicon chip, performing specific functions like data processing.

Operational Amplifiers (OP-Amps)

High-gain voltage amplifiers used in analog circuits for various functions including amplification and filtering.

Electrical Wire or Connector

The symbol used to represent a wire or connector in a circuit.

Not Connected Wires

Symbol indicating that wires are crossing but not electrically connected.

SPST (Single Pole Single Throw) Toggle Switch

Symbol representing a switch that interrupts the flow of current when in the open position.

SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) Toggle Switch

Symbol representing a switch that allows you to choose between two different connections.

Push Button (N.O) Normally Open

Symbol for a momentary switch that is normally open.

Push Button Switch (N.C) Normally Closed

Symbol for a momentary switch that is normally closed.

DIP Switch (Dual In-line Package)

Symbol representing a switch used for onboard configuration in electronic devices.

SPST Relay

A relay that uses an electromagnet to open or close electrical connections.

Ground

Symbol used to indicate zero potential reference and electrical shock protection.

Chassis Ground

Symbol indicating that the wire is connected to the chassis of the circuit.

Digital Ground

Reference voltage used in digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and analog-to-digital converters (ADC).

Standard Inductor

Symbol representing a coil or solenoid that generates a magnetic field when current passes through.

Iron Core Inductor

Symbol representing an inductor that includes an iron core to enhance its inductance.

Variable Inductor

Symbol representing a coil or solenoid with a variable magnetic field.

Ferrite Inductor

Symbol representing an inductor that uses a ferrite core to enhance its inductance and efficiency.

Motor

Symbol for a device that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy.

AC Transformer

Changes AC voltage from high to low or low to high.

Resistor

Component that resists the flow of electrical current.

Potentiometer

Adjustable resistor with three terminals allowing for variable resistance.

Variable Resistor

Adjustable resistor with two terminals that allows for manual resistance variation.

Trimmer Resistor

Type of adjustable resistor used for fine-tuning circuits.

Thermistor

Resistor that changes its resistance in response to temperature changes.

Photoresistor

Resistor that changes its resistance based on light intensity.

Diode

Allows current to flow in one direction; can also conduct in reverse if voltage exceeds a certain threshold.

Zener Diode

A type of diode that conducts in reverse above a certain breakdown voltage.

Schottky Diode

A diode known for its low voltage drop and fast switching speed.

Varicap Diode

A diode that changes its capacitance in response to reverse voltage.

Light Emitting Diode

A diode that emits light when current flows through it.

Photodiode

Allows current to flow when exposed to light.

Capacitor

Stores electric charge, passes AC while blocking DC.

Variable Capacitor

Capacitor allowing manual capacitance value variation.

Electrolytic Capacitor/Polarized Capacitor

Capacitor with polarity that must be connected in a specific direction.

Voltage Source

Generates a constant voltage across terminals.

Current Source

Provides a constant current through terminals.

AC Voltage Source

Provides alternating current (AC) voltage to a circuit.

Battery Cell

Symbol for a single cell generating a constant voltage.

Battery

Combination of cells connected in series to provide higher voltage.

Controlled Voltage Source

Source with adjustable or controllable output voltage.

Controlled Current Source

Source providing controllable current at its output.

Voltmeter

Measures voltage across two points in a circuit.

Ammeter

Measures the current flowing through a circuit.

Ohmmeter

Measures resistance of a resistor.

Wattmeter

Measures power consumption in a circuit.

NPN Bipolar Transistor

Allows current to flow when higher potential is applied to the base.

PNP Bipolar Transistor

Allows current to flow when lower potential is applied to the base.

JFET-N Transistor

N-channel junction field-effect transistor where current flows through an N-type channel.

JFET-P Transistor

P-channel junction field-effect transistor where current flows through a P-type channel.

NMOS Transistor

N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor for switching and amplifying signals.

PMOS Transistor

P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor for switching and amplifying signals.

Buzzer

Produces a buzzing or beep sound when current flows through it.

Fuse

Protects a circuit by disconnecting it when the current exceeds a threshold.

Operational Amplifier

Component used to amplify voltage signals.

Oscillator Crystal

Provides a stable clock signal or frequency reference in circuits.

Lamp/Light Bulb

Glows when an electrical current flows through it.

NOT Gate

Outputs the opposite (inverse) of the input signal.

AND Gate

Outputs true only when all inputs are true.

NAND Gate

Outputs false only when all inputs are true.

OR Gate

Outputs true if at least one input is true.

XOR Gate

Outputs true only when an odd number of inputs are true.