720 exam (OT domain, process and justice)

occupation

central to a client's (person's, group's, or population's) health, identity, and sense of competence and have particular meaning and value to that client's life

activities of daily living

oriented to taking care of one's own body and completed on a routine basis

examples of ADLs

bathing, eating, dressing, toileting, hygiene, functional mobility, swallowing

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

support daily life within the home and community

Examples of IADLs

child care, meal prep, home management, shopping, driving, spiritual activities

Health Management

activities relating to developing, managing, and maintaining a health and wellness routine like self managment, with the goal of improving and maintaining health to support participation in other occupations

examples of health management

physical activity, medication management, symptom and condition management, personal care device management, communication with the health care system

education

Activities needed for

learning & participating in

the educational

environment

examples of education

can be formal or informal, vocational education, extracurricular, academics

work

employment seeking, volunteerism, retirement prep and adjustment

leisure

Nonobligatory activity that is intrinsically motivated and engaged in during discretionary time, that is, time not committed to obligatory occupations such as work, self-care, or sleep

play

activities that are intrinsically motivated, internally controlled, and freely chosen and that may include suspension of reality, etc. complex and multidimensional phenomena shaped by social and cultural factors

Often engaged by children to develop performance skills.

Social Participation

Activities that involve social interaction with others, including family, friends, peers, and community members, and that support social interdependence

Sleep

Activities related to obtaining restorative rest and sleep to support healthy, active engagement in other occupations

examples of rest and sleep

Sleep preparation (brushing teeth, changing clothes), sleep participation.

rest

quiet & effortless actions resulting in a relaxed state

occupations are...

context dependant, don't get stuck in a box

OT Domain

the profession's purview and the areas

in which its members have an

established body of knowledge &

expertise

1. Occupations

2. Client factors

3. Performance skills

4. Performance patterns

5. Contexts & environments

tasks

steps within activities

activites

occupations are constructed of many of these

body structures

anatomical parts that carry out the functions

body functions

what the body does

Values

Principles, standards, or qualities considered worthwhile by the client who holds them

ex: honesty, commitment to fam, fairness

beliefs

Something that is accepted, considered to be true, or held as an opinion.

ex: one is powerless to influence others, hard work pays off, etc

Spirituality

a deep experience of meaning brought about by engaging in occupations that involve the enacting of personal values and beliefs, reflection, and intention within a supportive contextual environment

DOESNT HAVE TO BE RELIGION

performance skills

motor skills, process skills, social interaction skills

Motor Skills

ability to move our body and manipulate objects

Process Skills

The fundamental activities or strategies which enable a person to reach desired outcomes.

Social Interaction Skills

Occupational performance skills observed during the ongoing stream of a social exchange

Client Factors

specific capacities, characteristics,

or beliefs that reside within the

person, group, or population & that

influence performance in

occupations

performance patterns

Can either support or hinder

occupational performance &

participation

performance patterns type

habits, routines, roles, rituals

habits

Specific, automatic behaviors performed repeatedly (procedural memory)

Routines

established sequences of occupations or activities that provide a structure for daily life

These are observable, repetitive, and regular.

roles

set of behaviors expected by society and shaped by culture and context that may be further conceptualized and defined by the client

Rituals

symbolic actions with spiritual, cultural, or social meaning that contribute to the client's identity and reinforces values and beliefs

context

the variety of interrelated factors that are within and surrounding the client which influence engagement & participation in occupations

enviroment

the external physical, social, and attitudinal aspects that surround the client and in which the client's daily occupations

context and environment

interchangeable

Contexts are less tangible than environment

context is formed by

environmental and personal factors

enviromental factors

• Natural environment & human-made changes to environment (Natural & built surroundings)

• Products & technology (phones, computers, video games that are used to interact with daily activities)

• Support & relationships (relations and expectations by others for the client)

• Attitudes

• Services, systems, & policies (insurance, laws and politics)

Personal Factors

age and life-cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle, personality and self-concept

OT process includes

evaluation, intervention (approaches and types), and establishing outcomes

evaluation includes

• Consultation & screening

• Occupational profile

• Standardized assessments

• Occupational performance

analysis

• Creating the treatment plan

this must be performed by an OT, not an OTA

evaluation: Occupational performance

analysis

Careful observation while the

client completes activities

where activity analysis can be completed

Evaluation: treatment plans

problem statements, frequency and duration, and establish goals (long and short)

COAST goal writing

client, occupation, assistance level, specific conditions, timeline

intervention approches

1. Establish/restore

2. Maintain

3. Modify

4. Prevent

5. Create/promote

establish/restore

Designed to change client variables to

establish a skill or ability that has not yet

developed or to restore a skill or ability that has been impaired

habitation or rehabilitation

maintain

Provide supports that will allow clients to preserve capabilities they have regained and that continue to meet their occupational needs. The assumption is that without continued maintenance intervention, performance would decrease, occupational needs would not be met, thereby affecting health, well-being, & quality of life

modify

changing the environment or the way you do an activity

prevent

address the needs of clients with or without a disability who are at risk for occupational performance problems. This approach is designed to prevent the occurrence or evolution of barriers to performance in context. Interventions may be directed at client, context, or activity variables aka ergonomics

create/ promote

provide enriched contextual & activity experiences that will enhance performance for all people in the natural contexts of life

for gen pop, doesn't assume disability

intervention types

-occupations and activities

---Purposeful

---Occupation-based

- interventions to support occupations

-education and training

-advocacy

-group interventions

-virtual interventions

-preparatory methods

Preparatory Methods

Tasks that prepare the client for occupational performance and are used as a treatment method in preparation for occupations provided to the client

ex: spreading Play-Doh to get ready to spread peanut butter

Therapeutic use of self

• Empathy

• Emotional connection

• Active listening

• Narrative/story

• Client-centeredness

outcomes

Reevaluate the client and determine if continuation of therapy is necessary

potential outcomes

• Occupational performance

• Prevention

• Health & wellness

• Quality of life

• Participation

• Role competence

• Well-being

• Occupational justice

Ecology of Human Performance (EHP)

person-environment interaction. Modifying the client's home environment will enhance the client's well being and quality of life in the environment. More emphasis on the environment (natural environment); person, demands of a task, context, performance range; modifying or adapting task tools

PEO Model

Maximizing the fit between P, E, and O will increase occupational performance

Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP)

An interaction of PERSONAL FACTORS and ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS support, enable or restrict PERFORMANCE & OCCUPATIONS, facilitating or hindering Occupational Performance & Participation

MOHO (model of human occupation)

"How do values, roles, volition, and habituation affect social participation?" Client centered model, how the client interact with the environment- Motivation based

social justice

Addresses distribution of advantages & disadvantages in society

Ann Wilcock

presented position papers urging the profession to acknowledge meaningful occupation as a right & to critically explore occupations & disabling situations in their political & economic contexts

Occupational Justice

promotion of social and economic change to increase individual, community, and political awareness, resources, and equitable opportunities which enable people to meet their potential and experience well-being

Occupational Injustice

Occupational deprivation, disruption, imbalance, alienation, marginalization, displacement, and apartheid

occupational deprivation

a state of prolonged preclusion from

engagement in occupations of necessity and/or

meaning due to factors that stand outside the

control of the individual (incarceration, disability, refugee)

Occupational Disruption

Temporary loss of occupations due to interruptions of performance patterns (moving, having a baby)

occupational imbalance

A lack of balance or disproportion of occupation resulting in decreased well-being

can be caused by segregation

can be unoccupied, over occupied or under occupied

occupational alienation

Prolonged experiences of disconnectedness, isolation, emptiness, lack of a sense of identity, a limited or confined expression of spirit, or a sense of meaninglessness. Such experiences may occur whether or not people are busy or wealthy. Occupational alienation may be a community or population experience of spiritual emptiness or lack of positive identity

often cultural

occupational marginalization

A lack of opportunity to exert micro, everyday choices

and decision-making power as we participate in

occupations

not being able to choose (nursing home, caretaker)

occupational deprivation

when people have to move apart from their own accord due to war, climate refugeeism, or institutionalization

Space vs. Place

Space- actual (ex. house)

Place- emotional connection (ex. home) can be positive or negative

occupational apartheid

occupational deprivation due to oppression from one group to another (slavery, holocaust, Alligator Alcatraz)

mirco

everyday actions at the intrapersonal level

meso

organization or institutional level

macro

regional/national/int'l partnerships, policy, leadership, training

occupational capacity

persons potential for occupational participation

Occupational Capital

Acquired skills & capabilities