The Minoan and Mycenean Civilization and the Mediterranean Sea

Minoan Civilization

It is one of two early civilizations that flourished along the Aegean Sea.

Crete

It is the center of the Minoan Civilization.

Crete

It is the largest of the islands in the Aegean Sea.

Minoan

This refers to the culture of Crete during the time of King Minos.

Minos

He is the legendary king of Knossos who built the famous Palace of Knossos.

Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, and Hagia Triada

What are the four (4) cities of the Minoan Civilization?

self-sufficient

The Minoan cities were largely know for being _____.

strategic location and relatively safe harbors

What are the factors that contributed to the continued wealth of the Minoan cities?

Greece, Egypt, and Anatolia (Turkey)

Who are primary trade partners of the Minoan cities?

palaces

The Minoans are known for building _____ in their cities.

Knossos 

This is the most famous of the known Minoan cities.

Palace of Knossos

This is the dominant structure in the city of Knossos and was believed to be designed by the legendary architect Daedalus.

light and air

The Palace of Knossos was designed to maximize _____ and _____.

access and circulation

The Palace of Knossos was designed to define _____ and _____.

wood; rubble and mud bricks

The Palace of Knossos was constructed using _____ for columns and _____ and _____ _____ for walls.

murals

The walls of the Palace of Knossos are usually decorated with _____.

megaron

This is what the throne at the Palace of Knossos is called.

TRUE

The King and Queen of the Minoan Civilization had different throne rooms.

Phaistos

This Minoan city that is located in the mid-southern part of the island of Crete.

Phaistos

This Minoan city controlled the whole fertile plain of Messara.

Malia

This Minoan city that is located in the mid-northern/northeastern part of the island of Crete.

bull

In Minoan religion this animal is reverently worshiped.

fertility and represents male aspect of life

According to Minoan religion the bull is a powerful symbol of _____ and _____ _____ _____ of _____.

rhytons

The blood of bulls are collected using large special vases called _____.

to release the bull’s energy

Why was the blood of bulls poured over columns or into caves?

Liberation Ceremony

This is the name of the ceremony conducted where the Minoans poured the blood of bulls over columns or into caves.

bull horn structure and mythology

These are evidences the the Minoan people worshiped the bull.

7 youths and 7 maidens

What are the sacrifices required by the Minotaur to sate their hunger?

Theseus

Who was the Greek hero that killed the Minotaur?

Ariadne

Who helped Theseus defeat the Minotaur?

Bull Leaping

This is the Minoan festival that is commonly depicted in Minoan art.

religion, wildlife, marine life, and human interaction

The Minoan fresco usually depicts scenes of _____, _____, _____ _____, and _____ _____.

full eye view on one side only

This trait of depicting humans commonly seen in Minoan fresco is similar to those in Egypt and Mesopotamia.

Linear A

What is the writing system of the Minoan civilization called?

tablets of soft, moist mud

Where did the Minoans write? (this can be drawn from the banks of the river or sea)

fired in the ovens

How was the crude tablets where Minoans wrote preserved?

wood, ivory, precious metals, stone, and faience

Where did the Minoans typically sculpt?

Snake Goddess

This sculpture is depicted as a female figure holding serpents and is usually associated with water, regenerative power, and the protection of the home.

wide use of color and its graceful, stylized painted decoration

The Minoan pottery is characterized by the _____ _____ of _____ and its _____, _____ _____ _____.

marine style

This is what Minoan pottery typically depicted.

inlay, filigree, and gilding

The Minoans depicted expertise in these techniques as evident by the luxury goods from imported gold.

Peloponnese Peninsula

This is the peninsula where the Mycenaean civilization was located.

mountainous terrain

This describes the topography of the Peloponnesus Peninsula.

citadels

The Mycenaean civilization is known for the construction of megalithic strongholds called _____. 

Lion’s Gate

This is what the entrance to Mycenae is called.

Palace of Mycenae

This structure is located on the highest part of the citadel.

magnificent tombs; round; stone

The burial practice of the Mycenaean civilization included burying their dead in _____ _____ which are typically _____ in shape and made out of cut _____.

gold, copper, and silver.

The Mycenaean civilization was able to manufacture various objects in _____, _____. and _____.

Mask of Agamemnon

This is a gold funerary mask discovered at the site of Mycenae by Heinrich Schliemann.

Warrior Vase

This vase depicts a woman bidding farewell to a group of helmeted men marching of with their lances and shields embodying the motif of Mycenaean ceramic arts.

Linear B

The writing of the Mycenaean civilization is called. 

Crete

What Greek island heavily influenced the sculptures of the Mycenaean civilization?

Europe (in the north), Asia (in the south), and Africa (in the east)

The Mediterranean Sea is located between the continents of _____, _____, and _____.

middle

The Latin word medius means _____.

land or earth

The Latin word terra means _____ or _____.

inland

The Latin word mediterraneus means _____.

Strait of Gibraltar

This connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea.

Dardanelles, Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus Strait

This connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.

Suez Canal

This connects the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.

Mediterranean Sea 

This served as the link for the trade from all directions.

Balearic Sea

This body of water is between mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands.

Tyrrhenian Sea

This body of water is enclosed by Sardinia, the Italian peninsula, and Sicily.

Adriatic Sea

This body of water is between the Italian peninsula and Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, and Albania.

Ionian Sea

This body of water is between Italy, Greece, and Albania.

Aegean Sea

This body of water is between Greece and Turkey.

fishing

The inland seas offered this particular type of livelihood to people living along the coasts.

wet and mild winters and hot and dry summers

This is the climate which enabled many civilizations to rise along the Mediterranean Sea.

Mediterranean Sea

This became the cradle of the Greek and Roman civilizations.

Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire

The Mediterranean Sea became the seat of great kingdoms such as the _____ _____ and the _____ _____.

Mediterranean Sea

This paved the way for the rise of Western civilizations.

Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Gaza

These are the Asian countries that border the Mediterranean Sea.

Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco

These are the African countries that border the Mediterranean Sea.

Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Turkey

These are the European countries that border the Mediterranean Sea.

culture

Because of its placement the Mediterranean Sea is connected to the _____ of Asia, Africa, and Europe.

Ibiza, Majorca, and Minorca

These are the large islands located in the western part of the Mediterranean Sea.

Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, and Malta

These are the large islands located in the central part of the Mediterranean Sea.

Cyprus, Crete, Euboea, Rhodes, Lesbos, Chios, and Corfu

These are the large islands located in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea.

Iberian Peninsula, Italian Peninsula, Balkan Peninsula, and Asia Minor

Aside from the inland seas and large islands, peninsulas (landforms jutting out to the sea) also broke up the Mediterranean Sea. What is the name of these four peninsulas?

limited

Because the Mediterranean Sea is enclosed completely by land it has _____ tides.

blue

The Mediterranean Sea exhibits and imposing deep _____ color.

French Riviera or Côte d'Azur

This area of settlement is located at the southeast corner of France and is famous for its beaches.

Nice, Cannes, St. Tropez, and Marseilles

The famous cities located in the French Riviera are:

Spanish Riviera

This area of settlement encompasses Barcelona in the north all the way to southern Spain.

Barcelona and Sitges

The famous cities located in the Costa Dorada are:

Costa Dorada

The northern part of the Spanish Riviera is known as _____ _____.

Costa Blanca

The central part of the Spanish Riviera is known as _____ _____.

Alicante and Torrevieja

The famous cities located in the Costa Blanca are:

Costa del Sol

The southern part of the Spanish Riviera is known as _____ _____ _____.

Malaga and Marbella 

The famous cities located in Costa del Sol are:

wheat

This type of cereal was grown in the Mediterranean Sea region.

olive and chickpeas

These types of vegetables was grown in the Mediterranean Sea region.

grape, orange, and lemon

These types of fruit was grown in the Mediterranean Sea region.

sheep and goat

These are the domesticated animals common in the Mediterranean Sea region.

camel, donkey, mule, and horse

These are the types of beasts of burden typically found along the Mediterranean Sea region.