Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia, Hypercalcemia, Hypocalcemia, Hypernatremia, and Hyponatremia

Hyperkalemia

Excessive high levels of potassium in the blood.

Causes- Renal failure, aldosterone deficit, K leak form ICF of ECF, prolonged acidosis

Symptoms include tachycardia, potentially leading to bradycardia, potential respiratory/cardiac arrest. Muscular weakness.

Hypokalemia

Deficient level of potassium in the blood.

Causes- diarrhea, diuresis, excessive aldosterone, low dietary intake, insulin drives K into cells

Symptoms include hypotension, arrhythmias may progress to ventricular fibrillation. Decreased digestive tract motility.

Inadequate intake with anorexia nervosa or alcohol abuse

Hypercalcemia

An abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.

Causes- uncontrolled release from bones, increased calcium intake

Symptoms include hypertension, signs of heart block, cardiac arrest. Interference with ADH production

Hypocalcemia

Deficient calcium in the blood.

Causes- hypothyroidism, deficient serum albumin, increased serum pH

Symptoms include Arrhythmias and hypotension. Chvostek and Trousseaus signs, tetany

Hypernatremia

High levels sodium in the blood.

Causes- insufficient ADH production, loss of thirst, rapid respiration, watery diarrhea, crushing syndrome

Symptoms include hypertension, tachycardia, pitting edema, excessive weight gain. Dry tongue, thirsty

Hyponatremia

Deficient levels of sodium in blood.

Causes- third spacing (burns), excessive vomiting/diarrhea, insufficient aldosterone production, kidney failure, excessive water intake

hypotension, tachycardia, fatigue, abdominal pain, impaired nerve conduction, decreased osmotic pressure

Response to and ability to participate in physical therapy interventions.

Hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, and hyponatremia are all conditions that pose a significant threat to a patient's what?