Chapter 10: The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Flashcards for reviewing key terms and concepts from Chapter 10 on the Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves.

What three structures make up the brain stem?

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

What is the diencephalon made up of?

The thalamus and the hypothalamus.

What are the three layers of connective tissue enclosing the brain and spinal cord called?

Meninges.

What is the outermost layer of the meninges?

Dura mater.

What circulates around the brain and spinal cord?

Cerebrospinal fluid.

What is the passage connecting the third and fourth ventricles called?

Cerebral aqueduct.

What is a shallow groove on the surface of the brain called?

Sulcus.

What is an elevation on the surface of the brain called?

Gyrus.

What is the outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of cell bodies and unmyelinated neurons?

Cortex.

In which lobe is Broca's area for motor speech located?

Frontal lobe.

Which lobe do impulses travel to via cranial nerve II?

Occipital lobe.

Where is the primary somatosensory area found?

Parietal lobe.

Where do impulses for the sense of smell travel to?

Temporal lobe.

Which area is damaged if a person can speak but has difficulty understanding spoken language?

Wernicke area.

What area of the diencephalon do nearly all sensory impulses travel through?

Thalamus.

What sea horse-shaped region of the limbic system is involved in learning and long-term memory?

Hippocampus.

What region of the diencephalon regulates sleep, appetite, and autonomic functions?

Hypothalamus.

What is the most superior portion of the brain stem?

Midbrain.

Where are the vasomotor and cardiac centers located in the brain stem?

Medulla oblongata.

What maintains wakefulness within the reticular formation?

Reticular activating system (RAS).

What part of the brain contains the vermis and two lateral hemispheres?

Cerebellum.

What is responsible for the maintenance of muscle tone and coordination of signals from the motor cortex?

Cerebellum.

What machine measures electrical currents generated by neurons?

Electroencephalograph (EEG).

What technique measures the metabolic activity of the brain?

Positron emission tomography (PET).

What does the olfactory nerve carry impulses for?

Sense of smell.

Which cranial nerves contain only sensory fibers numbered I, II, and…?

VIII.

Which cranial nerve controls the production of gastric juices and heart activity?

Cranial nerve number X.

What is inflammation of the brain called?

Encephalitis.

What procedure is required for a positive diagnosis of meningitis?

Lumbar puncture.

What is the most likely cause of low muscle tone and inconsistent movement away from pain in a newborn?

Cerebral palsy.

What word root means 'tongue'?

Gloss/o.

Which system do the hippocampus and the amygdala belong to?

Limbic system.

What is the function of the dural sinuses?

Drain blood from the brain.

What layer of the meninges follows the contours of the brain?

Pia mater.

Cerebrospinal fluid flows from the fourth ventricle to what?

Central canal of the spinal cord.

What structure forms the cerebrospinal fluid?

Choroid plexus.

What is NOT associated with the ventricles?

Sulcus.

What is a deep groove in the brain called?

Fissure.

What lobes are separated by the central sulcus?

Frontal and parietal.

Which lobe lies posterior to the parietal lobe?

Occipital lobe.

Where is the visual area of the cortex located?

Occipital lobe.

What indicates an injury to the Broca area?

Difficulty in forming words.

Which area of the cerebral cortex receives nerve impulses from the skin?

Primary somatosensory area of the parietal lobe.

What ventricle does the thalamus form the wall of?

Third ventricle.

What band of white matter bridges the right and left hemispheres?

Corpus callosum.

What structure connects the midbrain to the medulla oblongata?

Pons.

Which part of the brain stem contains reflex relay centers for the eyes and ears?

Midbrain.

Which part of the brain stem regulates respiration and heart function?

Medulla oblongata.

What structure contains an outer layer of gray matter and an inner layer of white matter distributed in a treelike pattern?

Cerebellum.

What is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

Initiating movements of voluntary muscles.

Which cranial nerve controls eye movements?

Oculomotor nerve.

Which cranial nerves contain all or mostly motor fibers?

III, IV, VI, XI, and XII.

What is the number of the olfactory nerve?

I.

Which cranial nerve supplies motor impulses to the tongue?

Hypoglossal nerve.

What results from a series of small cerebrovascular accidents?

Multi-infarct dementia.

What results from bleeding between the dura mater and the skull?

Epidural hematoma.

What nerve receives visual input from the eye?

Optic nerve.

What injury results from cranial nerve VII damage?

Temporary facial paralysis.

What disorder is characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and results in seizures?

Epilepsy.

What symptom is suggestive of Alzheimer disease?

Intellectual impairment.

What does the word root gyr/o mean?

Circle.