bio chapter 2 reproduction

diploid

of the necessary genetic material, there are two

2n 46 chromosomes

23rd pair of chromo

sex chromosomes, physiological sex of person (xx female, xy male)

incorrect division of sex chrom—>

diseases due to too many/too little chromosomes

XXY: klienfelter syndrome

XO: turners syndrome

SEVEN UP

seminiferous tubules (produce sperm)

epididymous (sperm get strong, gain multiplicity)

vas deferens (tube, travels when needed)

ejaculatory duct (sperm travels when needed)

No N lol

Urethra

penis

interstitial cells of leydig

produce testosterone

seminal fluid

all over the place, produced by semial vesicles (nourishes), prostate gland, calpers gland

preseminal fluid (cleans before)

ovaries

main reproductive organ, 1000s of follicles, nourish+protect ova

ONE OVUM PER MONTH

is expelled from ABDOMINAL CAVITY

before puberty

hypothal restricts synth of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

do not produce FSH and LH

GnRH kickstarts synth of

FSH—> ovary—>estrogen (secondary sex char, thickens endometrium)

LH—> corpus luteum—>progesterone (protect and maintain endometrium)

FSH—>

ovary—>estrogen (secondary sex char, thickens endometrium)

LH—>

corpus luteum—>progesterone (protect and maintain endometrium)

follicular phase

menstrual shedding of uterine lining (endometrium), loss of hormone (was neg feedback now gone)

GnRH release= ant pit releases FSH and LH,

FSH role in menstruation

matures egg cells and secretes more estrogen (neg feedback on GnRH) proportional to maturation of ova

estrogen stimulates growth of endo lining+mucous lining

LH role in menstruation

ovulation, release of mature ovum

when estrogen levels peak

switches to positive feedback, more GnRH, leads to LH spike

LH spike causes

ovulation, release of mature ovum, follicle ruptures (makes the corpus luteum) LUTEUL PHASE

LUTEAL PHASE

LH stim corpus luteum to produce progest (neg feedback for GnRH), prepare for fertilization

no fertilization

corpus luteum desensitses to LH, decrease in progesterone, shedding of endometrium

NO PROGESTERONE—> NO NEGATIVE FEEDBACK FOR GNRH

start over

fertilization

zygote burrows into endometrium, beta HCG released (LH but no way to become desensitized), exploding with progesterone—> leads to formation of placenta then turns off