Chapter 22 -Biology 112
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Vocabulary flashcards covering core terms, definitions, and evidence for evolution from Chapter 22.
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17 Terms
Evolution
Change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over generations.
Descent with Modification
The evolutionary pattern in which organisms descend from common ancestors and accumulate differences over time.
Natural Selection
The process by which individuals with advantageous heritable traits survive and reproduce more often, causing those traits to become more common.
Artificial Selection
Human-directed selection for desired traits.
Adaptation
A heritable trait that enhances an organism's survival and reproduction in its environment.
Fossil
Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms.
Biogeography
The study of the geographic distribution of species.
Homology
Similarity due to common ancestry.
Vestigial Structure
A reduced structure that has lost most or all of its original function.
Voyage of the HMS Beagle
Darwin's 1831–1836 voyage during which he made key observations that led to the proposal that species change over time from common ancestors.
Transitional Fossils
Fossils that show intermediate forms between ancestral and modern species.
Tiktaalik
A 375 million years old transitional fossil showing intermediate features between fish and tetrapods.
Anatomical Homology
Similar anatomical structures across species with different functions due to common ancestry.
Developmental Homology
Anatomical similarities observed among embryos of different species during early development.
Molecular Homology
Similarities in DNA sequences and proteins among different species due to common ancestry.
Antibiotic Resistance
An observable real-world example of natural selection where bacteria with random mutations conferring resistance survive antibiotic treatment and reproduce.
Pesticide Resistance
An observable real-world example of natural selection where insects with heritable resistance survive pesticide exposure and pass those traits to offspring.