Management of Sporting Events and Physical Education Vocabulary

A set of 100 vocabulary flashcards reviewing key concepts, management roles, fitness tests, yoga poses, biomechanics laws, and physiological terms from physical education notes.

Sports Event

A game, match, race or similar competitive event associated with a Governing Body in its entirety or a particular in-game, live occurrence such as a particular play or score.

Planning

A process of achieving pre-determined goals and deciding what is to be done, how it is to be done, when it is to be done and by whom it is to be done.

Organising

The management function of assigning duties, grouping tasks, establishing authority and allocating resources to carry out a specific plan.

Staffing

The management function concerned with finding the right person for the right position at the right time.

Directing

The process of supervising, motivating, leading and communicating with subordinates to achieve organizational objectives.

Controlling

The task involving establishing standards of performance, measuring current performance, comparing it with established standards, and taking corrective actions for significant deviations.

Press & Media Committee

A committee whose main duty is to publish and advertise sports events.

Transportation Committee

A committee whose main responsibility is to make necessary arrangements for transportation.

Equipment Committee

A committee responsible for making the grounds or laying out the track and field.

Committee for Refreshment

A committee in charge of supplying refreshments and drinks to guests, officials, competitors, etc.

Decoration & Ceremonies Committee

A committee responsible for welcoming chief guests at opening and closing ceremonies.

Reception Committee

A committee that sends entry forms to various institutions early and sometimes prepares fixtures of participating teams.

Technical Committee

A committee that selects various officials such as referees, judges, umpires, etc.

Announcement Committee

A committee responsible for making all announcements during the period of sports events.

Health & Safety Committee

A committee that provides first aid to a victim or affected sportsman/athlete.

Finance Committee

A committee responsible for preparing the budget for tournaments.

Tournament

A competition involving a relatively large number of competitors, all participating in a sport or game at various levels such as zonal, state, national, and international.

Knockout Tournament

A type of elimination tournament where the loser of each match-up is immediately eliminated from the tournament, also called single-elimination or sudden death.

League Tournament

A tournament in which teams/players are treated at par and every team gets a chance to play with every other team regardless of win or loss; also called round robin.

Combination Tournament

Tournaments in which initial rounds are played on a particular basis (knockout or league) and the rest of the tournament is played on another basis.

Fixture

The schedule or timetable of matches or events taking place during a sports tournament, including participating teams, venues, dates, and times.

Byes

A method of creating fixtures that allows a certain number of teams or individuals to advance to the next round without having to play a match.

Seeding

A method where teams or individuals are assigned to different brackets or groups based on their performance in previous tournaments or competitions.

Special Seeding

A process to place stronger teams at appropriate places in a fixture to avoid their elimination in the first round and give them a chance to participate in quarter-finals or semi-finals.

Intramural

Derived from the Latin words 'intra' and 'muros' (meaning 'within walls'), referring to competitive sports activities conducted within the walls of an institution.

Extramural

Activities performed outside the walls of an institution or school where students from two or more schools participate in competitions.

Specific Sports Programmes

Sports programmes not usually related to competitions, aimed at creating awareness, promoting integration, and raising funds for charitable organisations.

Health Run

A running event organized to promote health and wellness among participants of all ages and fitness levels.

Run for Fun

A running event organized purely for fun and recreation where participants run at their own pace.

Run for Specific Cause

A running event organized to raise awareness and funds for a specific cause, such as cancer research or disaster relief.

Run for Unity

A running event organized to promote unity and bring people of all ages, ethnicities, and backgrounds together.

Sports Day

A day-long event organized by schools or community organizations where participants engage in various sporting activities like track and field events and relay races.

Posture

The position in which a person holds their body while standing, sitting, or lying down; the alignment of the body during any activity.

Kyphosis

A postural deformity usually related to an abnormal curve of the spine, most common in older women.

Lordosis

A postural deformity characterized by an increased forward curvature in the lumbar region of the spine.

Scoliosis

A lateral direction postural deformity of the spine, also called sideway curvature.

Round Shoulder

A postural deformity in which the shoulders become round and sometimes seem to bend forward.

Bow Leg

A postural deformity where there is a wide gap between the knees when standing with feet together, opposite to knock knee position.

Knock Knee

A major postural deformity in which both knees knock or touch each other while in a normal standing position.

Flatfoot

A condition affecting the feet causing them to become flat, making children experience pain when running and struggling to stand or walk.

Menarche

A girl's first menstrual period or bleeding, which can happen as early as age $9$ or up to age $15$.

Menstrual Dysfunction

Abnormal bleeding and irregular menstrual cycle that strays from the normal duration of $3$ to $7$ days occurring every $22$ to $35$ days.

Female Athlete Triad

A syndrome of three related conditions—Osteoporosis, Amenorrhea, and Eating Disorders—seen in female athletes not meeting their energy requirements.

Osteoporosis

A weakening of the bones due to loss of bone density and improper bone formation, rendering bones porous, brittle, and prone to fractures.

Amenorrhea

The absence or irregularity of menstrual periods resulting from intense exercise and inadequate caloric intake.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by a distorted body structure, fear of being overweight, and maintaining below-normal weight through starvation or excessive exercise.

Bulimia Nervosa

A serious eating disorder marked by bingeing followed by dangerous steps like intentional vomiting (purging), excessive exercising, or fasting.

Yoga

Derived from a Sanskrit word meaning 'union', combining physical exercises, mental meditation, and breathing techniques to strengthen muscles and relieve stress.

Asana (Patanjali)

According to Patanjali, 'Sthiram sukham asanam', which means 'that position which is comfortable and steady'.

Obesity

A body condition in which the amount of fat increases to an extreme level, typically measured via Body Mass Index (BMI).

Tadasana

Also known as Mountain Pose or Samasthiti, a basic standing asana in modern yoga that improves body posture and reduces flat feet problems.

Katichakrasana

A standing pose meaning rotation of the waist (Kati = Waist, Chakra = Wheel/Rotation) that stretches and increases waist flexibility.

Pavanmuktasana

A beginner-level supine pose meaning wind-releasing pose (Pawan = wind, mukta = release) that helps release accumulated gas in the stomach and intestines.

Matsyasana

A yogic pose known as Fish Pose (Matsya = Fish) where the body assumes a fish-like posture, stretching neck muscles and increasing lung capacity.

Halasana

Also known as Plow Pose, a full-body stretch positioning the body upside down with feet over the head to make the backbone elastic and flexible.

Paschimottanasana

A Sanskrit name translating to 'west stretching pose', performed by sitting forward to stretch the spine, reduce abdominal fat, and enhance fertility.

Ardha-Matsyendrasana

Translates as 'Half Lord of the Fishes Pose', an asana that improves liver and kidney function and stimulates digestive enzymes.

Diabetes

A health condition that impairs the body's ability to process blood glucose, otherwise known as blood sugar.

Hypertension

A condition occurring when a person's blood pressure reaches $140/90$\text{ mmHg} or higher, affecting the circulatory system.

Asthma

A disease of the lungs in which airways become blocked, swollen, and produce extra mucus, causing difficulty in breathing.

Back Pain

Physical discomfort occurring anywhere on the spine or back, ranging from mild to disabling.

Adaptive Sports

Competitive sports designed for individuals with disabilities, featuring modified rules or equipment to meet special needs.

Special Olympics

An organization founded by Eunice Kennedy Shriver in $1968$ to provide year-round sports training and competition for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Paralympics

An international multi-sport event managed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) for athletes with a range of physical and intellectual disabilities.

Deaflympics

An international Olympic equivalent event for deaf athletes who have a hearing loss of minimum $55$\text{ dB} in their better ear.

Divisioning in Sport

A process used in Special Olympics to match athletes of similar competitive ability, gender, and age for equitable competition.

Inclusion in Sports

An educational practice where students with special educational needs are fully integrated into general education classrooms and physical activities.

Assistive Technology

Equipment, devices, or tools created to help CWSN participate in learning and physical activities, such as balls with bells or attached to strings.

Balanced Diet

A diet consisting of all essential food constituents (protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, minerals, water) in correct proportions.

Nutrition

A dynamic process comprising the consumption of food to remain healthy, essentially the process of nourishing or being nourished.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that serve as the primary source of energy for digestive operations in the body.

Proteins

Large molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulphur, broken down into amino acids by the digestive system.

Fats

Nutrients containing carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen that keep the body warm, protect internal organs, and assist in hormone production.

Minerals

Chemical elements required as essential nutrients by organisms to perform functions necessary for life.

Vitamins

Chemical compounds required in very small amounts to keep the body healthy, categorized into fat-soluble and water-soluble types.

Roughage

Dietary fiber mostly consisting of water, which adds volume to food, improves intestinal function, controls hunger, and prevents constipation.

Food Intolerance

A condition where individual elements of certain foods cannot be properly processed and absorbed by the digestive system due to missing enzymes.

Healthy Weight

A body weight status indicated by a Body Mass Index (BMI) between $18.5$ and $24.9$.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A metric used to calculate body composition and obesity level, given by the formula $\text{BMI} = \frac{W}{H^2}$, where $W$ is weight in kg and $H$ is height in meters.

Plate Tapping Test

A motor test that measures speed and coordination of limb movement by having a participant tap between two discs $60$\text{ cm} apart for $25$ cycles.

Flamingo Balance Test

A single-leg balance test assessing the static balance and strength of the leg, pelvic, and trunk muscles on a beam.

50m Standing Start Test

A physical fitness test designed to determine maximum running speed over a sprint distance of $50$\text{ meters}.

600m Run/Walk Test

A physical assessment test used to measure cardiovascular endurance.

Sit and Reach Test

A flexibility assessment test designed to measure the flexibility of the hip region, lower back, and hamstring muscles.

Harvard Step Test

A cardiovascular fitness test predicting aerobic fitness by stepping on and off a $50.8$\text{ cm} platform at $30$ steps per minute for $5$\text{ minutes}.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The number of calories the body needs to accomplish its most basic life-sustaining functions at rest, accounting for approximately $60\text{--}70\%$ of daily calorie burn.

Rikli and Jones Senior Citizen Test

A standardized assessment tool used to evaluate physical fitness components (strength, flexibility, balance, endurance) in older adults aged $60$ years and older.

Metheny-Johnson Test

A physical test consisting of four motor stunts (front roll, back roll, half-turns, full-turns) used to evaluate motor educability and physical abilities of athletes.

Slow Twitch Fibers (Type I)

Slow oxidative muscle fibers rich in capillaries, myoglobin, and mitochondria, giving them high aerobic capacity and fatigue resistance for endurance sports.

Fast Twitch Fibers (Type II)

Fast glycolytic muscle fibers with low aerobic capacity that contract quickly and generate short bursts of energy for anaerobic activities like sprinting.

Greenstick Fracture

A bone fracture in which the bone bends and cracks rather than completely breaking into separate fragments.

Comminuted Fracture

A severe fracture in which the affected bone is broken, splintered, or crushed into multiple pieces.

Biomechanics

The science of movement of a living body, studying how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together using mechanical physics principles.

Newton's First Law of Motion

Also called Law of Inertia, states that a body at rest stays at rest and a body in motion continues in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Also called Law of Acceleration, states that the rate of change of acceleration is directly proportional to applied force and inversely proportional to mass.

Newton's Third Law of Motion

Also called Law of Reaction, states that for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

Static Equilibrium

The balance of the body or an object during rest or while not accelerating or moving.

Dynamic Equilibrium

The state of balance maintained by the body during movement or dynamic actions.

Center of Gravity

The imaginary balance point of the body where its total weight acts and all linear forces and torques equal zero.

Friction

The force acting along two contact surfaces that opposes the relative motion of one body over another.