AP World - Unit 6 [1750 to 1900]

Imperialism

Another term for colonialism where “superpower” countries simply extended their powers over another country

Sino-Japanese War

A war between Japan and China, where Japan eventually seized control of Korea and Taiwan (under Portuguese control at the time)

Social Darwinism

An ideology that some people were simply better or stronger than others

Berlin Conference

The conference that occurred in Germany under the leadership of Otto Von Bismarck where countries divided up colonies in Africa

Corvee Laborers

The name of the Egyptian laborers who built the Suez Canal

Suez Canal

The canal in Egypt which connected the Red and the Mediterranean Sea; Building was overseen by the French

Trail of Tears

A trail in the Americas that Native Americans were forced to go on after they were pushed further West (occurred as a result of Proclamation of 1763)

Afrikaners

The name given to descendants of Dutch settlers who lived in South Africa

Spheres of Influence

European control where various countries sought trading rights and access to natural resources; China maintained own government during this but economics = Under European control

Monroe Doctrine

The name of the doctrine issued which essentially stated that Western Hemisphere issues should be left to solve own problems without involvement from Eastern Hemisphere countries

Boer Wars

A set of wars that occurred in South Africa between the British and the Afrikaners throughout the Cape Colony, who were essentially just pushed out by the British and were sent to concentration camps

Scramble for Africa

The term that refers to the fight by various superpowers for getting territories in Africa

Penal Colony

The name of the colony type that was established in New Zealand/Australia after convicts were sent there for work

Manifest Destiny

Essentially a God-given right that was an ideology established in America, which people used to justify their expansion West

King Leopold II

A Belgium ruler who privately owned the Congo; He also forced workers to work in extremely harsh conditions

Great Game

The name for a rivalry between the Russians and the British where they essentially fought for control throughout Central Asia and Afghanistan

Treaty of Waitangi

A treaty that guaranteed the rights of the original Māori inhabitants of New Zealand; Essentially said that they would be protected by British rule

Seven Years War

The name of the conflict that occurred in India where the French were driven out of India

Taiping Rebellion

The name of an internal rebellion that occurred in China where a failed civil servant applicant attempted to overthrow the government; Severely weakened the country

Boxer Rebellion

An external rebellion occurred in China where an anti-imperialist group (known as the Boxers) were heavily violent towards foreigners and killed any within the country

Spanish-American War

A war that occurred where the US quickly expanded its influence over countries like Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, etc.

Ethiopia and Liberia

The name of the two states who heavily resisted outside power and were not colonized during the Scramble for Africa

West Africa

A region of Africa that was completely under British control and consisted of countries like Sierra Leone (home for freed people), the Gold Coast, Asante Empire, etc.

Algeria

The African state which became a settler colony for the French after they drove the Ottomans out of the country

Dutch East India Company

The joint-stock company which overtook the spice trade from the Portuguese in the Spice Islands

Dutch East Indies

The name given to the overall region around the Spice Islands

Indochina

The French controlled region where France had an imperial presence in Asia; France gained control here after defeat of China during the Sino-French War

Malaya

The name of the Southeast Asian state that was controlled by British; They went here to specifically get rubber as it was a sought after resource

Siam (Thailand)

The country that was able to escape any imperial capture by the French, British, or Dutch in Southeast Asia; They did this by carefully managing diplomatic relations with them

Ghost Dance

A practice throughout the United States which was done by the indigenous people as it was believed that if they did this the British would leave their land alone

Indian Rebellion of 1857

A rebellion that occurred in India as the people began gaining more nationalistic thoughts and wanted to push out the British; India lost the rebellion

Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement

A practice that occurred in South Africa where the Xhosa people would kill all their cattle as it was believed that if they did then the British would be pushed out of the country

Anglo-Zulu War

A resistance war that occurred between the British and the Zulu people in South Africa where many Zulu people were later sent to concentration camps because of their revolt

Yaa Asantewaa

The name of a female leader who led the Asante Empire and led a rebellion against the British rule throughout their state

Indian National Congress

A congress established in India by British-educated Indians where many could air out grievances against the colonial government; Became a call for self-rule

British Raj

A raj who was implemented in the Indian colony by the British to essentially oversee the government and the people

Sepoys

Indian soldiers employed under the British who made up the majority of their forces and lead the Sepoy Rebellion

Samory Toure

A leader of Guinea in West Africa who heavily resisted French rule but later fell to the French

Philippine Revolution

A revolution against Spanish rule throughout this time period, and the Spanish-American War eventually resulted in US control of the country (Philipine expected freedom but US did not grant it)

Philippine-American War

A war that later occurred in a US victory after the Philippines were angered that they did not get freedom from the US

Maori Wars

A set of wars that broke out after the Maori people were worried about British settlement patterns

Tupac Amaru II

The last Incan ruler who led an extremely large uprising against the Spanish

Benito Juarez

A Mexican ruler who was originally planned to be overthrown by various citizens with assistance from the French, but once the Mexicans pushed France out he came into power again

Opium

An addictive drug that was sold by the British in China to greatly benefit their economy

Treaty of Nanking

A treaty that was signed by China where they essentially were forced to open up trading ports to foreigners

Opium Wars

A set of wars between the British and China where they wanted to sell a highly addictive drug but China was against this

Culture System

A system which the Dutch used through the East Indies where people were either forced to use their land for agriculture that the government wanted, or they were forced to perform corvee labor

Argentina

The colony in the Western hemisphere which the British had invested a great amount of money in, specifically by greatly improving the economy of the country

Pampas

Large-scale farming and improved breeding stock that was implemented by the British in Argentina and helped them prosper

Italy

The country where large groups of people emigrated from, typically towards Argentina

Great Famine

The issue that occurred in Ireland surrounding potatoes, and led to migrations around the world

Diasporas

These occurred as people moved from their original countries to different places around the world

Caribbean and Southeast Asia

Two locations where laborers from India (specifically indentured servants) were sent to work by the British

Enclaves

These were established in places that people immigrated to; Essentially were characterized with people having the same religion, culture, ethnicity, etc.

Chinese Exclusion Act

An act that was established by the US president where he pushed out any new Chinese immigrants

Porfirio Diaz

The Mexican President during this time who greatly promoted immigration to his country after Chinese were banned from entering the US

Kangani System

A system of labor where entire families were put to work in plantations throughout Southeast Asia

Gold Rush

Due to this many immigrants, especially from China, were attracted to move to the United States