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Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction
A lenient approach from 1863-1868 aimed at quickly reintegrating Confederate states into the Union.
Thirteenth Amendment
Ratified in 1865, this amendment abolished slavery in the United States.
Freedman’s Bureau
Established in 1865 to assist formerly enslaved individuals in transitioning to citizenship.
Andrew Johnson
Became President after Lincoln's assassination in 1865, known for his lenient policies towards the South.
Black Codes
Laws enacted by Southern states in 1865-1866 to restrict the freedoms of African Americans.
Sharecropping
A system allowing freedmen to work land owned by others in exchange for a share of the crops.
Fourteenth Amendment
Ratified in 1868, this amendment guaranteed equal protection under the law for all citizens.
Fifteenth Amendment
Ratified in 1870, this amendment prohibited voting discrimination based on race.
Presidential Reconstruction
Phase characterized by lenient policies aimed at quickly restoring Southern states to the Union.
Congressional Reconstruction
Period (1867-1877) of assertive Congressional action including military supervision of Southern states.
Racial Violence
Escalation of violence against African Americans during Reconstruction, particularly by groups like the KKK.
Redemption
Period after Reconstruction when white Southern Democrats regained power and instituted Jim Crow laws.
Compromise of 1877
An agreement that marked the end of Reconstruction, withdrawing federal troops from the South.
Island Communities
Isolated groups in society that developed distinct cultures from marginalized populations.
Industrial Capitalism
An economic system characterized by private ownership and significant social inequalities.
Factors Leading to the Growth of Industrial Production
Including population rise, railroad expansion, technological innovations, and a favorable business culture.
Social Darwinism
The belief applying Darwin's theories to societal development, justifying inequalities.
Laissez-Faire Economics
An economic philosophy advocating minimal government intervention in markets.
Unionization
The process of workers forming labor unions to advocate for better conditions and wages.
The Knights of Labor
One of the first significant labor organizations promoting better wages and social reforms.
The American Federation of Labor
Founded in 1886, focusing on skilled workers and collective bargaining for better conditions.
Populism
A political movement in the late 19th century representing the interests of ordinary people, especially farmers.
The Omaha Platform
The 1892 platform of the Populist Party advocating for government ownership of railroads and other reforms.
William Jennings Bryan and Free Silver
A prominent Populist figure advocating for free silver to assist struggling farmers.
The Fourteen Points
Woodrow Wilson’s proposals post-WWI for peace, promoting self-determination and collective security.
The League of Nations
An international organization established after WWI aimed at promoting peace and cooperation.
The First Red Scare
A period in the early 1920s of fear of Communist influence, leading to crackdowns on labor unions.
Warren G. Harding
President from 1921-1923, known for scandals and pro-business policies post-WWI.
Henry Ford and the automobile
Revolutionized manufacturing with the assembly line, making cars affordable.
Consumerism and National Culture
The rise of consumer culture in the 1920s, influenced by advertising and credit availability.
The Second Ku Klux Klan
Resurrected in 1915, promoting white supremacy and targeting various marginalized groups.
Stock Market Crash
Occurred in 1929, triggering the Great Depression and showcasing market volatility.
Over-Speculation
Excessive investment in stocks expecting profits, contributing to the market crash.
Overproduction
Excess production in the late 1920s leading to unsold goods and economic downturn.
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
A 1930 tariff aimed at protecting industries that ultimately worsened the Great Depression.
Bank Runs and Loss of Confidence
Depositors rushing to withdraw money, leading to bank failures and a financial crisis.
