Basic A+P - Chapter 1 Gen. Terms

Anatomy

The study of structure

Physiology

The study of functions

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body

Growth

Increase in body size (or cell size) thru cell division or hypertrophy - Without major size in shape

Development

Changes in an organism over time

Differentiation

Change in cell structure and function (generalized to specialized)

Reproduction

Things making new things (new organisms or new cells)

Movement

Of organisms and within cells

Irritability/Responsiveness

Ability to detect changes in the environment and react

Respiration

Ability to exchange oxygen and CO2 with the outside environment (including within the body)

Digestion

Breaking food into smaller pieces (nutrients)

Absorption

Ability to take nutrients into the bloodstream and transport them around the body for use

Circulation

Ability to move substances throughout the body

Assimilation

Combining absorbed substances into larger ones

Excretion

Getting rid of waste

Homeostasis

Ability to maintain a stable internal environment

Set point (Give examples)

The ideal normal value

• temp

• Blood pressure

• Heart rate

• Blood glucose

• Hormone levels

Feedback Regulation

The body’s way of getting back to set point

Receptor

Monitors body levels

Control Center

Processes information received from body and determines needed response

Effector

Responds to signals from “control center” by contracting/relaxing/secreting/or stopping secretion

Negative Feedback

Returns body to set point/homeostasis

Positive Feedback

Moves body away from homeostasis

Levels of Organization

Levels of complexity within a given organism/organ/cell/etc

What are the levels of organization?

Organisms → organ systems → organs → organelles

What are tissues?

Many cells working together to perform a common action

What are the 4 types of cells

• Epithelial

• Connective

• Muscle

• Nervous

What is the basic unit of life?

Cells

What makes up cells?

Organelles

What are molecules and atoms?

Molecules - made of atoms, make up everything found in cells

Atoms - smallest particles, combine to form molecules