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High Efficiency Particulate Air filter
TRANSFER AREA sterile room with LAMINAT AIR-FLOW bench and a POSITIVE PRESSURE ventilation unit called ________ to maintain aseptic condition.
5.6 to 6.0
The pH of medium is normally adjusted between ______ for the best result.
25
The cultures should be incubated normally at constant temperature of ____°C ± 2°C for optimal growth.
50-60
The cultures require _____% relative humidity and 16 HOURS of photoperiod by the illumination of cool white fluorescent tubes of approximately 1000 lux.
Aeration
____ to the culture can be provided by SHAKING the FLASKS or TUBES of liquid culture on automatic shaker or aeration of the medium by passing with filter-sterilized air.
pH
Temperature
Humidity
Aeration
PARAMETERS INVOLVED IN PTC
Organ Culture
The CULTURE of EMBRYOS, ANTHERS, OVARIES, ROOTS, SHOOTS or other organs of plants on culture media.
WIDELY USED to produce CLONES of a plant = MICROPROPAGATION.
The CULTURE of any plant MERISTEMATIC TISSUE on culture media.
technique to ELIMINATE VIRUSES and other PARASITES while growing plants in vitro.
Protoplasts
These are CELLS WITHOUT a CELL WALL, but BOUNDED by a CELL MEMBRANE or plasma membrane.
Protoplast Culture
Using this, it is possible to REGENERATE WHOLE PLANTS FROM SINGLE CELLS and also DEVELOP SOMATIC HYBRIDS.
Cell Suspension Culture
The GROWING of CELLS INCLUDING the CULTURE of SINGLE CELLS or SMALL AGGREGATES of cells IN VITRO in LIQUID MEDIUM.
It is prepared by TRANSFERRING a PORTION of CALLUS to the LIQUID MEDIUM and agitated using rotary shaker instrument.
The cells are separated from the callus tissue and used for cell suspension culture.
Cell Suspension Culture
It can be useful for the PRODUCTION of SECONDARY METABOLITES like ALKALOIDS, FLAVONOIDS, TERPENOIDS, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS and RECOMBINANT PROTEINS.
Secondary metabolites
These are CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS that are NOT REQUIRED BY the PLANT FOR NORMAL GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT but are PRODUCED in the plant AS ‘BYPRODUCTS’ of cell metabolism.
Example: BIOSYNTHESIS and ISOLATION of INDOLE ALKALOIDS from Catharanthus roseus plant cell culture.
Digoxin
Digitalis purpuria - Cardiac Tonic
Codeine
Papaver sominiferum - Analgesic
Capsaicin
Capsicum annum - Rheumatic Pain Treatment
Vincristine
Catharanthus roseus - Anti-carcinogenic
Quinine
Cinchona officinalis - Antimalarial
Somaclonal variations
VARIATIONS found in plants regenerated in vitro (i.e. variations found in leaf, stem, root, tuber or propagule).
Gametoclonal
VARIATIONS found in plants regenerated
in vitro gametic origin (i.e. variations found in gametes and gametophytes).
Micropropagation
_______ of plants at industrial level maintains HIGH STANDARDS of HOMOGEINITY in PLANTS like pineapple, banana, strawberry and potato.
Artificial seeds
Also known as SYNTHETIC SEEDS (synseeds)
They are PRODUCED by USING EMBRYOIDS (somatic embryos) obtained through in vitro culture.
They MAY even be DERIVED FROM SINGLE CELLS from any part of the plant that later divide to form cell mass containing dense cytoplasm, large nucleus, starch grains, proteins, and oils etc.
Shoot meristem tip culture
It is the method to PRODUCE VIRUS-FREE PLANTS, because the shoot meristem tip is always free from viruses.