PLANT TISSUE CULTURE 2

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23 Terms

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High Efficiency Particulate Air filter

  • TRANSFER AREA sterile room with LAMINAT AIR-FLOW bench and a POSITIVE PRESSURE ventilation unit called ________ to maintain aseptic condition.

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5.6 to 6.0

  • The pH of medium is normally adjusted between ______ for the best result.

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25

The cultures should be incubated normally at constant temperature of ____°C ± 2°C for optimal growth.

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50-60

The cultures require _____% relative humidity and 16 HOURS of photoperiod by the illumination of cool white fluorescent tubes of approximately 1000 lux.

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Aeration

____ to the culture can be provided by SHAKING the FLASKS or TUBES of liquid culture on automatic shaker or aeration of the medium by passing with filter-sterilized air.

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pH

Temperature

Humidity

Aeration

PARAMETERS INVOLVED IN PTC

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Organ Culture

  • The CULTURE of EMBRYOS, ANTHERS, OVARIES, ROOTS, SHOOTS or other organs of plants on culture media.

  • WIDELY USED to produce CLONES of a plant = MICROPROPAGATION.

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  • The CULTURE of any plant MERISTEMATIC TISSUE on culture media.

  • technique to ELIMINATE VIRUSES and other PARASITES while growing plants in vitro.

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Protoplasts

These are CELLS WITHOUT a CELL WALL, but BOUNDED by a CELL MEMBRANE or plasma membrane.

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Protoplast Culture

  • Using this, it is possible to REGENERATE WHOLE PLANTS FROM SINGLE CELLS and also DEVELOP SOMATIC HYBRIDS.

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Cell Suspension Culture

  • The GROWING of CELLS INCLUDING the CULTURE of SINGLE CELLS or SMALL AGGREGATES of cells IN VITRO in LIQUID MEDIUM.

  • It is prepared by TRANSFERRING a PORTION of CALLUS to the LIQUID MEDIUM and agitated using rotary shaker instrument.

  • The cells are separated from the callus tissue and used for cell suspension culture.

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Cell Suspension Culture

  • It can be useful for the PRODUCTION of SECONDARY METABOLITES like ALKALOIDS, FLAVONOIDS, TERPENOIDS, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS and RECOMBINANT PROTEINS.

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Secondary metabolites

  • These are CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS that are NOT REQUIRED BY the PLANT FOR NORMAL GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT but are PRODUCED in the plant AS ‘BYPRODUCTS’ of cell metabolism.

  • Example: BIOSYNTHESIS and ISOLATION of INDOLE ALKALOIDS from Catharanthus roseus plant cell culture.

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Digoxin

Digitalis purpuria - Cardiac Tonic

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Codeine

Papaver sominiferum - Analgesic

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Capsaicin

Capsicum annum - Rheumatic Pain Treatment

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Vincristine

Catharanthus roseus - Anti-carcinogenic

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Quinine

Cinchona officinalis - Antimalarial

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Somaclonal variations

VARIATIONS found in plants regenerated in vitro (i.e. variations found in leaf, stem, root, tuber or propagule).

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Gametoclonal

VARIATIONS found in plants regenerated

in vitro gametic origin (i.e. variations found in gametes and gametophytes).

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Micropropagation

  • _______ of plants at industrial level maintains HIGH STANDARDS of HOMOGEINITY in PLANTS like pineapple, banana, strawberry and potato.

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Artificial seeds

  • Also known as SYNTHETIC SEEDS (synseeds)

  • They are PRODUCED by USING EMBRYOIDS (somatic embryos) obtained through in vitro culture.

  • They MAY even be DERIVED FROM SINGLE CELLS from any part of the plant that later divide to form cell mass containing dense cytoplasm, large nucleus, starch grains, proteins, and oils etc.

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Shoot meristem tip culture

It is the method to PRODUCE VIRUS-FREE PLANTS, because the shoot meristem tip is always free from viruses.