Chapter 7 Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Attachment

Emotional bond between child and caregiver.

Basic Emotions

Fundamental feelings like joy, sadness, anger.

Compliance

Child's ability to follow requests or rules.

Delay of Gratification

Resisting immediate rewards for future benefits.

Difficult Child

Child exhibiting irregular and intense emotional responses.

Disorganized/disoriented Attachment

Lack of clear attachment behavior in children.

Effortful Control

Ability to regulate emotions and behaviors.

Empathy

Understanding and sharing another's feelings.

Goodness-of-Fit Model

Compatibility between child's temperament and environment.

Insecure-Avoidant Attachment

Child avoids caregiver, showing little emotional response.

Insecure-Resistant Attachment

Child clings to caregiver but resists comfort.

Internal Working Model

Mental representation of self and relationships.

Secure Attachment

Child feels safe and trusts caregiver's availability.

Separation Anxiety

Distress when separated from primary caregiver.

Social Referencing

Looking to others for cues in uncertain situations.

Stranger Anxiety

Fear of unfamiliar people, common in infants.

Temperament

Innate traits influencing behavior and emotional responses.

Social Smile

Smile directed at people, indicating social engagement.

Self-Conscious Emotions

Emotions like guilt and shame, requiring self-awareness.

Sensitive Caregiving

Responsive and attuned caregiving promoting secure attachment.

Scale Errors

Inappropriate use of objects due to size perception.

Strange Situation

Assessment of attachment styles through separation and reunion.

Slow-to-Warm-Up Child

Child who is initially shy but gradually adapts.

Inhibited Child

Child who is shy and avoids new experiences.

Uninhibited Child

Child who is sociable and seeks new experiences.

Attachment Q-Sort

A method for assessing the quality of attachment between ages 1 and 4 years through home observations of a variety of attachment-related behaviors.

Categorical self

Occurs once babies realize they are separate. It is becoming aware that even though we're separate, we exist in the world with others. Babies first learn AGE and GENDER, then SKILLS and SIZE. They learn concepts like traits, comparisons, and careers last.

Easy child

A child who is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences.

Emotional self-regulation

the capability to adjust emotions to a desired state and level of intensity

Ethological theory of attachment

recognizes the infant's emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival

Secure base

refers to the idea that the presence of a trusted caregiver provides an infant or toddler with a sense of security that makes it possible for the child to explore the environment