Diagnosis Lectures

BPD is the most common ___?

Chronic lung disease

BPD affects ___% of preterm pregnancies?

40-60%

"New" BPD

- Impaired lung development

- Fewer and larger alveoli

Prenatal Risk Factors for BPD (3)

- Maternal smoking and infection

- Hypoxia

- Genetics

BPD is linked with the development of ___?

CP

BPD leads to decreased energy expenditure, which equals ___?

Decreased LE strength, aerobic capacity, and increased sedentary begaviors

DiGeorge Syndrome

Genetic disorder caused by deletion on chromosome 22

How is DiGeorge Syndrome dx?

Through genetic testing, not just appearance

DiGeorge Syndrome: Physical Deformities

Cleft palate

DiGeorge Syndrome: Motor Characteristics

Hypotonia

DiGeorge Syndrome: What other organs/body systems can if affect?

Heart, immune system, and calcium levels

Shaken Baby Syndrome

Serious head trauma resulting from forcefully shaking and infant toddler

- Causes bruising, swelling, and bleeding

What is the leading cause of child abuse deaths in the US?

Shaken Baby Syndrome

What age group has the highest risk for Shaken Baby Syndrome?

3-8 months

Shaken Baby Syndrome: Motor Characteristics

Hypotonia or spasticity

Shaken Baby Syndrome: Implications for PT

Avoid increased intracranial pressure

- Avoid excessive head down positions

Club Foot: M or F more affected?

Males

Club Foot: Cause

Not exactly known

- Genetics play a role though, 25% of cases run in the family

Club Foot: What increases a child's risk?

Maternal smoking

Club Foot: 2 Types

1. Idiopathic (most common)

2. Secondary to neuromuscular disease

Club Foot: Gold Standard Treatment

Ponseti method

Club Foot: 4 Primary Deformities

1. Cavus

2. Adductus

3. Varus

4. Equinus

Club Foot: Physical Features

- Smaller overall foot appearance and narrower heel

- Kidney or bean shaped foot

- Reduced calf m size

Club Foot: Co-Morbidities

- Spine bifida

-. Arthrogryposis

- CP

Club Foot: What ankle ROM is reduced?

Ankle DF

Amniotic Band Syndrome

Rare congenital syndrome affecting the hands/feet

- Occurs randomly/not inherited

- Can result in loss of digits

Amniotic Band Syndrome: Is aka (2)?

- Amniotic band sequence

- Constriction band syndrome

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Growth Problems

- Low body weight

- Short height

- Small head size

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Facial Features

- Smooth philtrum

- Thin upper lip

- Short palpebral fissures

Brachial Plexus Injury 2 Types

1. Erb's palsy

2. Klumpke's palsy

Brachial Plexus Injury: Risk Facor

High-risk deliveries

Brachial Plexus Injury: General Characteristics

- Horner's syndrome

- Muscle atrophy

- Contractures

- Structural bone changes (such as shoulder dysplasia)

Brachial Plexus Injury: Motor Characteristics

- Waiter's tip deformity

- Claw hand

- Flaccid paralysis of entire arm

Neonatal Stroke 2 Types

1. Ischemic

2. Hemorrhagic

Neonatal Stroke: Long Term Effects

- CP

- Epilepsy

Neonatal Stroke: Motor Characteristics

- CP (16%)

- Hypotonia (42%)

- Weakness and numbness

RSV

Respiratory virus affecting the nose, throat, and lungs

RSV is the leading cause of ___?

Lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children

What is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the US?

RSV

VATER/VACTERL Syndrome

Describes several birth defects in which you need 2 out of 3 to be dx

- Vertebral defects

- Anal atresia

- Cardiac defects

- Tracheo esophageal fistula

- Renal anomalies

- Limb abnormalities

Angelman Syndrome

Rare neurogenetics disorder

- Caused by abnormalities in UBE3A gene on chromosome 15

- Not inherited

Angelman Syndrome: Most Common Mechanism

Maternal deletion (70%)

- Associated with more severe presentation

Angelman Syndrome: Is there a curative tx?

No

- Lifelong multidisciplinary care needed

Angelman Syndrome: When do early developmental delays start?