us history expansion exam

cause of the civil war

fought over slavery

civil war amendments

13th - abolished slavery. 14th - declared former slaves to be citizens with full civil rights. 15th - a citizen’s right to vote can’t be denied by race or previous condition of servitude

compromise of 1877

democrats allow hayes to become president and hayes agreed to give southern states the rights to their own affairs. ended reconstruction

african american voting

the 15th amendment granted. african american men the right to vote. they voted and ran for and won political offices. however, they faced lots of backlash and suppression (KKK)

plessy v ferguson

homer plessy arrested for violating louisiana’s separate car act. case went to the supreme court, they ruled it didn’t violate the 14th amendment. jim crow laws went in place after that.

failure of reconstruction

southern resistance groups like the KKK, black codes, lack of national commitment to racial equality

manifest destiny

god wanted americans to take their civilization and spread it to the uncivilized

sioux assimilation to white life

education, land ownership, lessening of sioux culture like the idea of a chief, religious burials

dawes act

broke up the communal native american tribal lands and divided them into individual plots to promote assimilation and individual farming

lone wolf v hickock supreme court case

allowed the us gov to seize and open millions of acres of tribal land to white settlement without the tribe’s consent

economic institutions of the west

farming, cattle ranching, mining

homestead act

allowed citizens to claim 160 acres if public land in the western territories for free, provided they lived on it, improved it, and farmed it for 5 years. had to make it prosperous. encouraged westward expansion

pacific railway act

authorized the construction of the first transcontinental railroad. gave railroads more than 125 million acres, excess could go to homesteaders

connection of industry, immigration and western expansion

industrial growth provided means and motive for expansion (railroads and new tech) while immigration supplied the labor force and settlers needed to develop the west’s resources and markets

capitalism

by the people, for the people. private business, competition

lassez-faire

government out economics

corporation

publicly held company that raises money through selling stocks while shareholders receive a percent of profits (dividents)

trusts

a group of companies turn stock over to a board of trustees to run as one enterprise. discourages capitalism, gets rid of the competition

industrial working conditions

low pay, long hours, dangerous. mostly hired women and children.

labor unions

worker led unions that aimed to get workers better wages, shorter hours, and safer working conditions through bargaining and strikes

reason immigrants came to america

to escape harsh conditions, to join family in the us, believed life was better in america

nativism

a political and cultural movement favoring the interests of native born inhabitants over immigrants

immigrant life

crowded, hard jobs, competition for jobs and land, poverty, discrimination, low paying jobs, lived in tenements, legal inspections and medical exams to qualify immigrants for admission into the us, language barriers