Bacterial Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing bacterial infectious diseases affecting the respiratory system.

Ciliary Escalator

Traps particles entering the airway and propels them up and out of the respiratory tract.

Pharyngitis

Also known as streptococcal respiratory disease or strep throat, commonly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Group A Streptococcal Virulence Factors

Include superantigens, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), M protein, streptolysin O & S, and erythrogenic toxin.

Acute Otitis Media / Sinusitis

Infections primarily caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Bacterial Pneumonias

Characterized by inflammation of the lungs with fluid-filled alveoli & bronchioles, often named by affected region or organism (e.g., lobar pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia).

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Most prevalent form of pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, with virulence factors including adhesins, capsule, and pneumolysin.

Primary Atypical (Mycoplasmal) Pneumonia

Also known as 'Walking Pneumonia', caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, characterized by mild symptoms.

Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia

Pneumonia caused by various bacteria (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae), often transmitted via direct inoculation.

Klebsiella Pneumonia

Pneumonia that presents with thick, bloody sputum and is caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Pneumonic Plague

Pneumonia caused by Yersinia pestis, transmitted via respiratory droplets or infected fleas.

Legionnaire’s Disease

Pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila, transmitted via contaminated water.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has different clinical forms, and is diagnosed using skin tests or interferon gamma release assays.

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

Respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, characterized by stages of incubation, catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent.

Diphtheria

Infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, transmitted via respiratory droplets, prevented by vaccine (DTaP).

Inhalation Anthrax

Severe form of anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis, transmitted by inhalation of endospores.