Baumrind's Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind

________ was a developmental child psychologist, looked at parenting approach and dynamics, not just individual actions.

Permissive parenting has at times shown greater

________emotional health than even authoritative styles, especially in certain European region.

When preschool children experience authoritative parenting,

they are more likely to become highly competent and well- adjusted adolescents.

Looked at 2 main
dimensions

acceptance/responsiveness (warmth); demandingness/control (expectations)

Authoritarian (low warmth & high control)

parent is typically marked by emphasis on obedience to parental authority

Authoritative (high warmth & high control)

parent expresses warmth and connection while also enforcing limits for the child and setting healthy boundaries

Permissive (high warmth & low control)

marked by high warmth but few rules or demands

Dismissive/Neglectful (low both in warmth & control)

this style was added later by researchers; children left to their own devices; parents may appear indifferent

In both the original and the current longitudinal research, children raised with an authoritative style

have been found to be more self-reliant, self-controlled, explorative, and content

Authoritarian parenting is more widespread

in non-Western cultures, and among lower socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnic/racial minority parents in the United States

Children with authoritative parenting have a lower likelihood of

using drugs, alcohol, and tobacco or being involved with a gang

Children with authoritative parenting exhibit

more socially skilled and exhibit fewer internalizing behaviors such as anxiety and fewer externalizing behaviors such as aggression, impulsivity

Some aspects of the authoritarian style can have

positive, protective factors, for psychosocial
development and for academic achievement, in particular

Diana Baumrind influenced and responded to

Milgram’s study on authority and corporal punishment

Diana Baumrind examined

dimensions that had recurred in research on parenting and combined them to describe different parenting styles.

**Authoritarian (low warmth & high control)**:

parent is typically marked by emphasis on obedience to parental authority.

**Authoritative (high warmth & high control)**:

parent expresses warmth and connection while also enforcing limits for the child and setting healthy boundaries.

**Permissive (high warmth & low control)**:

marked by high warmth but few rules or demands.

**Dismissive/Neglectful (low both in warmth & control)**:

this style was added later by researchers; children left to their own devices; parents may appear indifferent.

Recent research has found similar results in

families from other cultures and ethnic backgrounds in regard to effects of authoritative parenting.

Other research suggests differences across

cultural, racial, and ethnic minorities, and questions the impact of authoritarian style across contexts

Effects of authoritarian style in Middle Eastern parents

varied considerably based on the individual dimensions assessed

Diana Baumrind went from

“do’s and don’ts” to overarching effects of parental approach

Diana Baumrind was one of the first to

include fathers

Diana Baumrind derived

3 main parenting styles, with a fourth added later on by researchers.