MOD1 Intro to Microbiology

what is taxonomy

science of classification

3 areas of taxonomy

classification, nomenclature, identification

what is classification

method of organizing microorg into taxonomic groups based on similar morphological, physiological and genetic traits

what is nomenclature

naming of org

what is identification

process of microorg key features delineated based on a combo of its genotypic and phenotypic characteristics

examples of phenotypic characteristics

• macroscopic and microscopic morphology

• staining characteristics

• environmental and nutritional environment

• abx resistance profile

examples of genotypic characteristics

• DNA base composition ratio (G+C)

• DNA and RNA sequencing

• other nucleotide and genomic analysis

how many chromosomes do prokaryotic cells have

one, no nuclear membrane, circular

whats an important component of prok cell walls

peptidoglycan

are viruses cellular org

no; infectious agents

where do functions occur in prok cells

cytoplasm

what taxon do orgs ending in -aceae/iales belong to

family

what taxon do orgs ending in -us/um/ia belong to

genus

order of taxonomic groups

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

type strain

reference specimen — has the typical biochem and visual properties

subspecies

minor differences from the type strain

biotype/biovar

subspecies distinguished by biochem properties

serotype/serovar

subspecies distinguished by serological/antigenic properties

key system

physical traits

• shape

• gram staining

base composition of nucleic acid

look at guanine-cytosine content in DNA

• closely related = similar %

• same G-C content but different sequencing

nucleic acid hybridization

separate double DNA stands

hybridize known with unknown strands

degree of hybridization (how well it matches) = similarity of org

numerical taxonomy

combo of morphology, bioch properties, GC content, etc

put into computer and weighed

algorithm categorizes

what system is used to name organisms

bionomial/Linnaean system

which would represent a family in classification

Bacillaceae

prok cells and euk cells differ bcs prok cells lack:

nuclear membrane