Chapter 10 (Glencoe Biology)

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16 Terms

1

Heredity

Passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring.

<p>Passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring.</p>
2

Trait

Characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive.

<p>Characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive.</p>
3

Genetics

Branch of biology that studies heredity.

4

Gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

<p>A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait</p>
5

Allele

Alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism.

<p>Alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism.</p>
6

Dominant

Observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait.

<p>Observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait.</p>
7

Recessive

Trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait.

<p>Trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait.</p>
8

Law of segregation

Mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles.

<p>Mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles.</p>
9

Phenotype

Outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes. PHysical appearance

<p>Outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes. PHysical appearance</p>
10

Genotype

Combination of genes in an organism. What the letters are in a punnet square.

<p>Combination of genes in an organism. What the letters are in a punnet square.</p>
11

Homozygous

When there are two identical alleles for a trait. Same letters

<p>When there are two identical alleles for a trait. Same letters</p>
12

Heterozygous

When there are two different alleles for a trait. Different letters

<p>When there are two different alleles for a trait. Different letters</p>
13

Law of independent assortment

Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.

<p>Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.</p>
14

Hybrid

Offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait.

<p>Offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait.</p>
15

Genetic recombination

Major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by re-assortment or crossing over during meiosis.

<p>Major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by re-assortment or crossing over during meiosis.</p>
16

Pollination

The transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants

<p>The transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants</p>