Current Affairs and Legal Reasoning Practice Cards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers essential terms from recent current affairs in India (Mission SEHAT, Ethanol blending), statutory amendments (Transgender Persons Act), and core legal principles (Bailment, Pledge, Culpable Homicide, and Constitutional Doctrines) as discussed in the lecture notes.

Mission SEHAT

Science Excellence for Health through Agricultural Transformation; an initiative launched by India to align agricultural priorities with public health goals.

Biofortification

The process of enhancing nutritional characteristics within a crop through breeding or related agricultural methods.

One Health

A concept that recognizes the links among human, animal, and environmental health.

Double Burden of Malnutrition

The coexistence of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency with overweight and diet-related non-communicable disease.

PM POSHAN

The primary government programme correctly associated with school meals in India.

RON

Research Octane Number; a term used in the context of the fuel specifications for India's nationwide E20 ethanol-blending rollout.

Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Act, 2026

Legislation that narrowed the statutory definition of transgender persons to specific socio-cultural identities such as hijra, kinner, and aravani.

Market Infrastructure Institutions

A regulatory grouping under SEBI that includes stock exchanges, clearing corporations, and depositories for technology-governance purposes.

Culpable Homicide

Defined under Section 299 of the IPC as the act of causing death with the intention or knowledge that such an act may result in death.

Murder

Defined under Section 300 of the IPC; it involves a higher degree of intention or knowledge compared to culpable homicide and is punishable under Section 302.

Rarest of Rare Doctrine

A legal doctrine introduced in the Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980) case for awarding the death penalty.

Bailment

The delivery of goods from a bailor to a bailee for a specific purpose under a contract where possession—but not ownership—is transferred.

Pledge

A special type of bailment, governed by Section 172 of the Indian Contract Act, where goods are delivered as security for a debt or promise.

Basic Structure Doctrine

A constitutional principle established in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973) stating that Parliament can amend the Constitution but cannot alter its core framework.

Lease

Defined under Section 105 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, as the transfer of a right to enjoy immovable property for a certain time for consideration.

License

Defined under Section 52 of the Indian Easements Act, 1882, as a right to do something on immovable property that does not create any interest or transfer exclusive possession.

Act of God (Vis Major)

A legal defense for damage caused solely by natural forces that are unprecedented, unforeseen, and irresistible, following the formula: $\text{Unprecedented} + \text{Unpreseen} + \text{Irresistible} = \text{Act of God}$.

Non-solicitation Agreement

A legal contract that prevents an individual, typically a former employee, from approaching a company's clients or employees after leaving the business.