ANP Exam practice chapter 1

anatomy

study of structure

physiology

study of function

atom

smallest unit of matter with unique identity

molecule

2 or more atoms chemically bonded

organelle

specialized functional unit of cell

cell

smallest unit of life

tissue

group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function

organs

2 or more tissues working together to preform a specific function

Organ system

2 or more organs working together

Organism

complete living being

homeostasis

ability to maintain internal stability by detecting change and activating mechanisms to oppose it

how is homeostasis maintained by negative feedback

brings the body back to normal. Senses change and activates mechanisms that revers it.

positive feedback

to produce a rapid change

Examples of negative feedback

High temperature- your body will bring your temperature back down

Examples of positive feedback

childbirth and ovulation

anatomical position

Standing on feet, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward

Frontal section

front/back sections

Sagittal section

right and left section

mid-sagittal

equal halves of right and left sections

anterior

front of body

posterior

back of body

superior

above

inferior

below

medial

towards middle

lateral

toward side

proximal

closer to point of attachment

distal

farther from point of attachment

deep

farther from surface

superficial

closer to surface

abdominal

stomach

antebrachial

forearm

axillary

armpit

brachial

arm

buccal

cheeks

calcaneal

heel

carpal

wrist

cehphalic

head

cervicl

neck

coxal

hip

cranial

back of head

crural

leg

cubital

elbow

facial

face

femoral

thigh

frontal

forehead

gluteal

buttock

inguinal

groin

lumbar

lower back

mental

chin

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

orbital

eyes

patellar

front of knee

pectoral

chest muscle

pedal

foot

popiteal

back of knee

pubic

groin

sacral

inbetween butt/ low back

scapular

shoulder blade

sternal

sterum

tarsal

ankle

thoracic

chest

umbilical

belly button

vertebral

spine

cranial cavity

brain

thoracic cavity

chest

pleural cavity

lungs

mediastinum

heart, esophagus, trachea

pericardium

heart

abdominal cavity

GI organs, liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas

pelvic cavity

bladder, uterus

membrane

connective tissue that separates, supports, and lines body cavities

mucous membrane

line cavities that open to exterior

examples where mucous membranes are found

respiratory, digestive, reproductive tract

serous membranes

serous fluid (watery/thin)

Where serous membranes found

thoracic and pelvic cavities

synovial membranes

synovial fluid

immoveable joints

where are synovial membranes found