Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level - Biology IAL (International Advanced Level) WBI15/01 Exam Notes

Flashcards of key vocabulary and definitions from the provided lecture notes on a scientific article, intended for review and revision.

Y Chromosome

One of the two sex chromosomes in humans; primarily determines male characteristics.

Immune Cells

Cells in the body that protect against infections and diseases.

Heart Disease

Medical conditions that affect the heart’s function or structure.

Contribute

To help bring about or cause an effect.

Phenomenon

An observable event or occurrence.

Genes

Units of heredity that carry instructions for building and maintaining an organism.

DNA

The molecule that contains genetic instructions.

Chromosomes

Structures within cells that organize DNA and contain many genes.

Cancer

A group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth.

Alzheimer’s disease

A progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline.

Faulty

Not working correctly or having errors.

DNA replication

The process of making an exact copy of DNA.

CRISPR

A modern gene-editing technology that allows precise changes to DNA.

Gene-editing

Techniques used to modify an organism’s genetic material.

Causality

The relationship between cause and effect.

Circulatory disease

Medical conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, impacting blood flow.

Antibody

A protein produced by the immune system that binds to specific substances (antigens) to neutralize them.

Inflammatory

Causing or related to inflammation, the body’s response to injury.

Essence

The intrinsic nature or most important quality of something.

Regulatory genes

Genes that control the activity and expression of other genes.