APUSH time period 7 chapter study guide

What factors caused America to turn its attention to the world beyond her borders?

1) Americans grew hungry for an empire and expansion.

2) Yellow Journalism (Hearst and Pulitzer) pushed racist views of the Spanish.

3) the new steel navy

4) imperialism aided the European powers seeking to expand into Africa in the Chinese Empire in the 1890s

What were the outcomes of the Spanish American War?

1. Peace came of the Treaty of Paris (1898)

2. Spanish empire gone 

3. Cuba freed but under the US (Platt Amendments)

4. Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded to the US 

   1. came from the wars with international powers 

5. Annexation of the Philippines

What issues were important in the 1900 election?

Bryan vs McKinley part 2. McKinley wanted gold standard and imperialism while Bryan wanted silver standard and anti-imperialism. McKinley re elected but dies really soon so Roosevelt as his VP becomes president. 

Insular Cases

Stated that Puerto Rico, Philippines, and any other US territories was under American law, but didn’t have some American constitutional rights.

Teller vs. Platt Amendments

Teller Amendment stated that the US promised it would not control Cuba after the Spanish-American War. However, the Platt gave the US control over Cuba’s domestic foreign and economic policies.

Anti-Imperialist League

Formed in 1898 to oppose the annexation of the Philippines. The members (Twain, Carnegie, Gompers( believed that acquiring counties overseas went against American ideals and institutions.

Big Stick Policy

Teddy Rosevelt’s aphorism that comes from “speak softly and carry a big stick”. Meaning to first negotiate peacefully, but have the strength to defend in case things take a bad turn.

Roosevelt Corollary

The US believed it have the responsibility to intervene in Latin Affairs to protect its own economic and political interest and that this intervention was good for all humanity. It Also believed that it had the right ot act as it’s protector or big brother.

Great White Fleet

A 14-month long, grand touer on sea of the American Sea power and ships. Manned by 14,000 sailors, covered about 43,000 miles and made 20 port calls on 6 different continents.

Who were the muckrakers? Name and describe two examples of change pursued by them.

Journalists and novelists in the Progressive Era that wanted to expose/expose corruption in big businesses, indurites, and the government. People such as Ida Tarbell (exposed the illegal practices at the Standard Oil Company) and David Phillip (in an article called “The Treason of the Senate”, he exposed corruption in the Senate).  

Who were the Progressives and what were their goals?

Progressives were interested in establishing a more transparent and accountable government which would work to improve U.S. society. They liked and wanted policies such as civil reform, food safety laws, and increased political rights for women and U.S. workers. 

Why was temperance such a big issue?

Groups such as Women’s Christian Temperance Union, and Anti-saloon league rose as the progressive era sought out to oppose alcohol consumption. It was a big issue since it led to the 18th amendment that banned the sale, production, and transportation of alcohol. 

What was Roosevelt’s view of trusts? To what extent did he earn the moniker “trust-buster?”

He believed that there were good trusts and bad trusts, and it was the government’s job to see which was which. He had busted J.P Morgan’s Northern Securities Company via the Sherman Antitrust Act. 

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program, which reflected his three major goals: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. 

The Jungle

Book written by Upton Sinclair which showed the dangerous and unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry. This made it possible for the federal government to intervene and regulate the food industry with the passing of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 

Meat Inspection Act of 1906

a US federal law that established strict regulations for the meatpacking industry: required federal inspection of meat products, set sanitary standards for slaughterhouses and meat processing plants.

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 

The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was a US law that aimed to ensure the safety and purity of food and drugs sold to the public. It banned the sale of impure or falsely labeled products and required accurate ingredient labeling. This act was a major step in consumer protection and set the stage for future regulations in the industry.

Dollar Diplomacy

Foreign policy in which the US lent money to foreign countries in return for the ability to make decisions for the governments of those countries

How was Wilson an idealist?

Wilson relied on sincerity and moral righteousness to attract the people, but didn’t have people skills. His idealism and righteousness made him incredibly stubborn in negotiating.

How did wilson pursue the “Triple Wall of Privilege?”

1. What were the primary reasons for America finally joining WWI?He pursued the tariff, the banks, and the trusts (Triple Wall of Privilege). He convinced the congress to pass the Underwood Tariff Bill, which significantly reduced the tariff. 

What were the primary reasons for America finally joining WWI?

Germany attacks on American Ships (Lusitania) 

Zimmermann Note it’s threatening relationships with Mexico (possibility of an German-Mexican alliance).

It had invested a lot of money in Great Britain and the British Empire for them to not win. 

What were the staple arguments from Wilson’s 14 Points?

Abolish secret treaties, freedom of the seas/trades, reduce militaries, restore territory to original owners/cultures, and League of Nations, his more desired. 

What did the Espionage and Sedition acts do?

It wanted to squash any criticism of the government or the war and allowed the Postmaster General to intercept mail containing such criticisms. Pushing the rights in the 1st Amendment. 

What was America's main role/goals upon entry in WWI?

They wanted this war to end all wars, which would make the world safe for democracy. Their main role was to help turn the tide in favor of Britain and France.

What were the differences in goals between the main leaders at the Paris Peace Conference?

Wilson wanted peace without revenge, Lloyd George wanted to please his people by pushinishing Germany and getting compensation for post-war goals. Clemenceau wanted to weaken Germany so that it would never be a threat to France. 

Election of 1912

Wilson (Democrat) vs Roosevelt (Progressive) vs Taft (Republican)

Underwood Tariff

It significantly reduced rates on imports, but graduated income tax

Federal Reserve Act

Established economic stability by a central bank to oversee monetary policy (banking and currency) and created ability to regulate $$$ in circulation 

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey

Allied Powers

France, Great Britain, Russia, US

Lusitania

German submarine attacks a ship, Lusitania, thinking the ship was armed with weapons. But the US and GB tell its public that it was an innocent cargo ship, and a big amount of Americans had died on the ship. This was to blame the Germans and make them seem like monsters. Actually, it was heavily armed. The British were also were a threat to Americans on the sea but you never saw Wilson suggesting to go to war against GB. 

Zimmermann Note

Zimmermann, a German foreign score tray, secretly proposed a German-Mexican alliance. He tempted Mexico with ideas of recovering Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. The note was intercepted by the US government in 1917, which resulted in the US going to war in WW1. 

Jeanette Rankin

The first congress woman who votes against the war resolution. 

League of Nations

International Organization founded by Wilson in 1919 to promote world peace but greatly weaker by the US congress’s refusal to join. Precursor to Italy, Japan, and Germany.

George Creel

an investigative journalist, a politician, and most importantly, the head of the US Committee on Public Information, a propaganda organization created by Wilson and Creel. His tactics were so good, it was studied by Germany for WW2. 

War Industries Board

Created in 1917, the US government agency established to coordinate the purchase of war supplies. It ensured that each factory received materials it needed to operate in pager to produce the most war goods in the shortest time. 

Selective Service Act

Authorized the federal government to temporarily expand the military through state-mandated enlistment in military service. Eventually led to requiring all men between 21-45 to register for military service. 

Henry Cabot Lodge

• A republican who disagreed with the Versailles treaty, and the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He mostly disagreed with the section that called for the league to protect a member who was being threatened.