APUSH Cold War Part 1

Yalta Conference

Final meeting of the Big Three, reached agreements, planned to smash German lines, Poland received representative government that he would soon break.

First Lightning

The Soviet Union launched atomic bombs that ended the US monopoly on nuclear weapons.

Containment

Keeping communism from spreading whilst allowing it where it already exists.

Bretton Woods Conference

In New Hampshire where the Allies established the International Monetary Fund which regulated currency exchange rates.

World Bank

Founded during the Bretton Woods Conference to reduce trade barriers among nations.

United Nations Conference

Opened April 25 despite Roosevelt dying 13 days earlier; differed from the League of Nations.

Nuremberg War Crimes Trial

Publicized sentences/reparations for Nazi leaders' crimes against humanity, leading to executions and long sentences.

Berlin Airlift

Resulted from the period of tension where the west side of Berlin had supplies cut off to drive the US out.

Containment Doctrine

Crafted by George F. Kennan, sought to keep communism from spreading but allowing it where it exists.

Truman Doctrine

President Truman requested 400 million dollars to defend Greece and Turkey from Soviet uprisings.

Marshall Plan

A massive transfer of money to help rebuild Western Europe, mainly to bolster and prevent communist spread.

National Security Council

Established to advise president on security matters.

CIA

Coordinated security matters alongside the National Security Council.

NATO

A European pact that the Truman administration joined.

General MacArthur

Wanted to democratize Japan.

Hydrogen Bomb

Development ordered by Truman to outpace the Soviets.

NSC-68

Recommended that the US quadruples its defense spending to address Cold War tensions.

Korean War

Began when the North Koreans invaded South Korea and US forces launched a counter-attack.

Proxy War

Where two countries support opposing sides without directly fighting.

House Un-American Activities Committee

Established to investigate subversion.

McCarthyism

Fearful anti-communism where Joseph McCarthy baselessly accused high-ranking government officials of conspiracy with communism.

Executive Order 9981

Desegregated armed forces, resulting in pressure from civil rights advocates.

Taft-Hartley Act

Banned closed shops and other strategies that helped unionize laborers.

Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944

Provided benefits to WWII veterans to help them re-enter civilian life.

Truman's Fair Deal

Called for improved housing, full employment, national health insurance, a higher minimum wage, and increased aid to developing countries.