PREPARATION 3 ASPIRIN CAPSULES

Capsule

ASPIRIN CAPSULES Category

ASPIRIN CAPSULES

Solid dosage form in which medicinal

agents and/or inert substances are

enclosed within a small shell of gelatin.

ASPIRIN CAPSULES

Made of gelatin, may also

be made from starch or other suitable

substances

Capsules and Tablets

preferred when administered orally by adults

Capsules and Tablets

preferred when administered orally by adults:

conveniently carried

readily identified

easily taken

conveniently carried

readily identified

easily taken

why are Capsules and Tablets preferred when administered orally by adults: (3)

Capsules and Tablets

variety of dosage strengths, providing:

• flexibility to the prescriber

• accurate individualized dosage for the patient

• flexibility to the prescriber

• accurate individualized dosage for the patient

what does having a variety of dosage strength provide in caps & tabs (2)

Disadvantages of tablets & capsules

Swallowing

Disadvantages of tablets & capsules

Formulation difficulties

Disadvantages of tablets & capsules

Some have poor oral bioavailability/poor

water solubility

Disadvantages of tablets & capsules

Some have irritant effect on the git when

taken orally

Hard Gelatin Capsule/DFC

Soft Gelatin Capsule

2 Types of capsules

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES

Made up of gelatin, sugar & water

gelatin, sugar & water

what are hard gelatin capsules made up of (3)

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES

Clear, colorless & tasteless

FD&C and D&C

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES

Colored with various _ 2 dyes and

made opaque by adding agents such as titanium

dioxide to conceal solid contents

titanium

dioxide

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES

Colored with various FD&C and D&C dyes and

made opaque by adding agents such as _ to conceal solid contents

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES

Colored with various FD&C and D&C dyes and

made opaque by adding agents such as titanium

dioxide to conceal solid contents

body & cap

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES Consist of 2 pieces:

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES

Consist of 2 pieces: body & cap

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES

Filled by:

✓ punch method - hand-filled with powder contents

✓ capsule filling machines

punch method

capsule filling machines

how are HARD GELATIN CAPSULES Filled by: 2

punch method

hand-filled with powder contents

obtained by: partial hydrolysis of collagen from the

skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals-

GELATIN

obtained by: partial hydrolysis of collagen from the

skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals

partial hydrolysis

GELATIN is obtained by: _ of collagen from the

skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals

skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals

GELATIN is obtained by: partial hydrolysis of collagen from the

_ 3

GELATIN

stable in air (dry)

GELATIN

subject to microbial decomposition when moistened.

GELATIN

insoluble in cold water, softens through absorption of

up to 10 times its weight of water.

10

GELATIN

insoluble in cold water, softens through absorption of

up to _ times its weight of water.

GELATIN

soluble in hot water and in warm gastric fluid.

hot water; warm gastric fluid

GELATIN

soluble in ? and in ?

GELATIN

a protein, digested by proteolytic enzymes and

absorbed.

proteolytic enzymes

GELATIN

a protein, digested by _ and

absorbed.

GELATIN

HIGH HUMIDITY:

additional moisture is absorbed

GELATIN

HIGH HUMIDITY:

becomes distorted and lose their rigid shape.

GELATIN

HIGH HUMIDITY:

Remedy: use desiccant material (silica gel, clay

or activated charcoal).

GELATIN

EXTREME DRYNESS:

moisture is lost

GELATIN

EXTREME DRYNESS:

becomes brittle and crumble when handled.

absorbed

HIGH HUMIDITY:

what happens to the additional moisture in gelatin

distorted; lose their rigid shape

HIGH HUMIDITY:

what happens to the shape of gelatin

desiccant material (silica gel, clay

or activated charcoal)

HIGH HUMIDITY:

what is the remedy for gelatin

moisture is lost

EXTREME DRYNESS:

what happens to the moisture

brittle and crumble

EXTREME DRYNESS:

what happens to the gelatin when handled

Powder or granulate

Pellet mixture

Paste

Capsule

Tablet

Examples of fill in hard gelatin

capsules (5)

SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES

Made of:

gelatin but more pliable due to the presence of

glycerine or a polyhydric alcohol (sorbitol), act as

plasticizer

SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES

Made of:

preservatives (methyl & propylparabens, sorbic acid)

- to retard microbial growth

SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES

Usually filled with liquid or solid active ingredient

suspended in a liquid vehicle approved for oral

use such as vegetable oil or a non-aqueous,

water miscible glycol (PEG 400 or PEG)

vegetable oil; glycol

SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES

Usually filled with liquid or solid active ingredient

suspended in a liquid vehicle approved for oral

use such as ? or a non-aqueous,

water miscible ? (PEG 400 or PEG)

SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES

Equipment for preparation not usually available in

pharmacies (not extemporaneously prepared)

The presence of glycerine or sorbitol as plasticizers

What makes soft gelatin capsules more pliable than hard ones?

Methylparaben, propylparaben, and sorbic acid

What preservatives are used in soft gelatin capsules? 3

Liquids or solids suspended in a liquid vehicle like vegetable oil or PEG/PEG 400

What are soft gelatin capsules usually filled with?

The equipment for their preparation is not usually available

Why are soft gelatin capsules not extemporaneously prepared in pharmacies?