Anatomy and Physiology of the Brain

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to the anatomy and physiology of the brain, including structures, functions, and terminology.

What are the key structures of the brain mentioned in the lecture?

brainstem, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and diencephalon.

How many cranial nerves are there and what do you need to know about them?

There are 12 cranial nerves; you need to know their Roman numerals, names, innervations, and functions.

What distinguishes gray matter from white matter?

Gray matter consists of neuron cell bodies while white matter consists of myelinated axons.

What are the three main roles of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

CSF provides buoyancy, protection, and chemical stability for the brain.

What is the basic structure of the cerebellum?

consists of left and right hemispheres and is known for containing a large number of neurons.

What does 'rostral' refer to in anatomical terms?

refers to the anterior part of the brain, closest to the nostril.

What are the four centers of the medulla oblongata?

The cardiac center, vasomotor center, respiratory center, and reflex center.

What is the corpus callosum's function in the brain?

connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain.

In what area is the diencephalon located relative to the brain?

between the cerebrum and the brainstem.

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

The cerebral cortex is involved in higher brain functions such as perception, planning, and sensory processing.

What are gyri and sulci?

Gyri are the raised areas or 'hills' of the brain while sulci are the grooves or 'valleys'.

What structures form the hindbrain?

The hindbrain includes the medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum.

How does the brain manage thermoregulation through the vasomotor center?

The vasomotor center regulates blood vessel diameter in response to body temperature changes.

What is unique about the cerebellum's neuron density?

The cerebellum contains approximately 50% of all the neurons in the brain despite its smaller size.

What are circumventricular organs in relation to the blood-brain barrier?

Circumventricular organs allow direct access between the blood and the brain, helping to monitor certain substances.

What types of signals do blood-brain barrier allow to cross?

The blood-brain barrier is permeable to lipid-soluble materials like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and alcohol.

What physical features help to identify the frontal lobe?

The frontal lobe is identified by the central sulcus located at its posterior border.

What is the significance of the pons in brain function?

The pons functions as a bridge between various parts of the nervous system and assists in regulating sleep and respiration.