psych unit 4 (copy)

stage 1 sleep

WAKE/ALERT
- beta waves, highest frequency, lowest amplitude (alpha waves are seen during quiet/relaxed wakefulness)
- lasts up to 5 minutes; depends on whether eyes are open/closed
- if eyes are open: beta waves dominate
- if eyes are closed: alpha waves dominate

stage 2 sleep

LIGHT SLEEP (1-5 minutes (5%))- theta waves, low voltage
- the body enters a more subdued state including a drop in temperature, relaxed muscles, and slowed breathing and heart rate.
- alpha waves are replaced with low amplitude mixed frequency (LAMF) activity
- muscle tone is present in the skeletal muscle and breathing occurs at a regular rate

stage 3 sleep

DEEPER SLEEP (45%, N2, 25 minutes) - sleep spindles and k-complexes
- heart rate and temperature drop (characterized by sleep spindles, k complexes or both)
- sleep spindles: brief, powerful bursts of neuronal firing in superior temporal gyrus anterior cingulate
- play a role in memory consolidation, specifically procedural and declarative memory
- k complexes- long delta waves that last for one second and are the longest and most distinct of all brain waves
- teeth grinding

stage 4 sleep

DEEPEST NON REM SLEEP, N3 25%
- deepest stage of sleep, much lower frequencies and higher amplitude
- most difficult to awaken from (loud noises will not work)
- as people age, they spend less time in this stage
- transient of mental fogginess, aka SLEEP INERTIA
- body also repairs and grows tissues, builds bone and muscle and strengthen immune system

rem sleep

25%
- beta waves similar to wakefulness
- associated with dreaming and is not sonsidered a restful sleep stage
- skeletal muscles are atomic and w/o movement, except eyes and diaphragmatic breathing muscles
- breathing rate is more erratic and irregular
- 90 minutes after you fall asleep
- first phase lasts 10 minutes, final phase is 60 minutes
- dreaming, nightmares, penal/clitoral tumescence occur

alpha waves

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

delta waves

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

sleep spindles

short bursts of brain waves detected in stage 2 sleep

insomnia

inability to sleep

narcolepsy

uncontrollable sleep attacks.
- The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

sleep apnea

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

night terrors

-high arousal and appearance of being terrified
- not like nightmares, occur during stage 4
- within 2-3 hours of being asleep
- seldom remembered