Unit 2 - The Global Tapestry an Networks of Exchange

1200 to 1450

2.1 The Silk Roads: Effects

Trade of luxery goods like porcelian and silk, spices and religion led to cultural diffusion allowing for a higher demand and higher production

2.1 The Silk Roads: Causes

Trading cities like Samarkand, and Guangzhou, Quanzhou and Timbuktu increased power with innovations of trade like paper money, flying cash, bank keeps, caravanserais and camel caddles

2.2 The Mongol (Yuan) Empire: Rise

1271 to 1368, Temujan, a pastoral nomad united Mongol tribes becoming Chinggis Khan, and conquered North China and Russia

2.2 The Mongol (Yuan) Empire: Economies (I think?)

Mongol use bow and horses establish territory, led to the Pax Mangolica which was a decade of peace in Mongol rule 13th - 14th cent. as it SIlk Roads fell under Mongol rule led to improve infrastructure and increased trade

2.2 The Mongol (Yuan) Dynasty: Represent Change and Continuity

As Mongols conquered nomadic empires they continued certain Asian traditions and inventions spreading it along other conquered lands, while changing the authority and religious aspects of conquered people.

2.2 The Mongol (Yuan) Empire: State building and decline Mongol Khanates

Invade nerby cities and est. Mongol authority with Khans, lack of central gov, failed invasions, and the Bubonic Plague led decline and eventually overthrown.

2.2 The Mongol (Yuan) Empire and Making of The Modern World: Crusades

European crusaders who brought back spices and other foreign goods facilitated trade and exploration, crusaders cam einto contact with medical knowledge from Islamic culture

2.2 The Mongol (Yuan) Empire: Trends

Mongol transfers of skills led to medical advancements in West Europe like the Uygher script, facilitate cultural transfers within Eurasia.

2.3 Indian Ocean Trade Networks: Causes

Sea routes that connected Afro-Eurasia through trade, casued expansion. Mongol decline led to Silk Road decline leading to an emphasis of maritime trade. Innovations in commercial practices like compass, astrolade, knowledge of monsoon winds help mariners navigate through Eurasia and use the winds to their advantage.

2.3 The Indian Ocean: Diasporic communities

Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia influenced others as Chinese tradition like silk production was introduced and adopted to India, Europe and Japan

2.3 Indian Ocean Trade: Effects

Chinese junks, Indian dhows held luxery goods like cotton textiles, while also spreading Islam as connectivity and trade along sea routes increased.

2.3 The Indian Ocean: Commercial Technology

Sakk was credit used in medieval Islaic banks drawing letters of credit in one city and used in another

2.3 Exchange in Indian Ocean: Improved Technology led to growth in new states

Gujarats were houses for Mislim merchants gathering from port cities nerby which allowed for the development of these cities upon these Gujarats especially with developments like th Astrolade, Magnetic Compass

2.3 Indian Ocean Trade: Trade cities and Cultural and Technology Exchanges

Growth of trade cities like Swahili city states in E Africa, Strait of Malacca with tax increase, also growth diasporic communities like Chinese merchants. Cultural Technolog and Exchanges included Zheng He (Ming China) explore Indian Ocean spread gunpowder and Chinese influence 15th cent. .

2.4 Trans-Saharan Trade Networks: Causes of Expansion

Was the connection to North Africa and Mediterranean with West Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. Arabic Camels and saddles able to carry large loads, along with cultural exchange in caravanserais

2.4 Trans-Saharan Trade Networks: Goods exported

Each region specialized in growing products with creating a demand for trade like salt, gold and ivory

2.4 Trans-Saharan Trade Routes: Innovation exist transportation led to expansion

Camels utilized the domestication of camels for transportation, allowing riders to st on camels for longer periods of time. Caravans groups of travelling people attracting rulers with luxery trade and established caravenseraiswhere traders could rest and resupply during long journeys across the desert.

2.4 Trans-Saharan Trade Networks: Growth of Empires

Mali converted to Islam in order to connect trade with Dar al-Islam, Mali exported and taxed goods with Merchants, similar to Malacca. Mali increased wealth with Mansa Musa’s hajj to Mecca. Further monopolized trade with North and Central Africa by facilitating African trade and inclusion into trade networks

2.5 Cultural Effects of Connectivity: Cultural Diffusion

Merchants spread brought cultural and technological effects when they interacted. Such as Buddhism in India to East Asia making Buddhism emphasized on Chinese population as expalined in terms of Chinese diaoism (Syncretism) Chinese Zen buddhism.

2.5 Cultural Effects of Connectivity: Effects

Literacy and Art transfers like translation of Greek and Roman texts into Arabic allowed the House of Wisdom to encourage South Europe and the Rennisance. Scientific and tech innovations like papermaking, movable type 13th cent increase literacy rate and spread of gunpowder from Mongols

Spread of Islam in sub-saharan Africa allow for the building of mosques into African Islamic Kingdoms

2.5 Cultural Effects of Continuity: Effects of Trade Cities

Netowkrs of exchange allow increase wealth and power, Hangzhou (grand Canal), Kashgar grew powerful by trade facilitations.

2.5 Cultural Effects of Connectivity: Consequences

Militaries use routes which declines cities like Baghdad, Mongol invasion ending Baghdad and Abbasid, invaskion Constantinope, cap. Byzantine, by Ottomans in 1453 became Instanbul

2.5 Cultural Consequences of Connectivity: Urbanization

Hangzhou saw much increased trade being located near the Grand Canal in China because of expanding trade networks. Similarly, Timbuktu became a huge trade center in West Africa for it’s use as a cultural center

2.5 Cultural Effects of Connectivity: Facilitate Interegional Trade

Ibn Battuta, Muslim traveler who documnt travels and readers understoof far flung travel, Marco Polo sent y Italy to travel through China from Indian Ocean, Margery Kemp who Christian Mystic write pilgramiges of Holy Sites

2.6 Enviormental Effects of Connectivity: Enviormental Consequences of Trading Routes

Diffusion of Crops like banans from SE Asia to Africa (Indian Ocean) and increased Bantu people diets and migration, Champa Rice from Champa Kingdom into Song Dynasty feed growing pop., Citrus fruits from Muslim traders to Europe and North Africa diversify diets.

2.6 Enviormental Effects of Connectivity: Bubonic Plague

Bubonic Plague 1332 from Mongols conquring Eurasia allow increase trade and geographical extend, erupt along trade routes in Middle East and Europe death rates increas