Lecture 14: Simple Machines, Animal Movement

This set of flashcards covers key concepts regarding simple machines, their functions, types, and mechanical advantage, as discussed in Lecture 14.

What is a simple machine?

A device that allows you to change how work is accomplished.

What are the four primary functions of simple machines?

1. Change direction of a force 2. Change magnitude of a force 3. Change distance force operates over 4. Change speed with which force acts.

What are the different types of simple machines?

1. Inclined plane 2. Lever 3. Wheel & axle 4. Pulley.

What does the most important rule of simple machines state?

The work you do with a machine is the same or greater than without the machine.

What is mechanical advantage (MA)?

A measure of how much easier or more difficult it is to do work with a machine.

What does a mechanical advantage (MA) of 1 indicate?

The force required to do work is equal to the resistance force.

How is force calculated for an object being moved against gravity?

Force needed = mass x acceleration due to gravity (F = mg).

How does using a ramp to lift a box affect the force needed?

Using a ramp reduces the amount of force needed compared to lifting without it.

What are the two types of pulleys mentioned?

Fixed pulley and movable pulley.

What happens to work when using simple machines like levers or ramps?

The total amount of work stays the same; only the force and distance changes.

What is the formula for calculating work with pulleys?

Work done with resistance (Wr) = Resistance force (Fr) x distance (dr).

What type of simple machine is an elbow?

An elbow operates like a lever.

How do compound machines function?

All machines are combinations of simple machines.