General Mathematics Comprehensive Reviewer Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards based on General Mathematics reviewers covering payroll, taxation, sequence and series, financial math, notation, unit conversions, and function types.

Salary

A fixed regular wage, typically paid monthly, semi-monthly, or weekly.

Wage

A variable payment, typically calculated on an hourly, daily, or piece-rate basis.

Annual Salary

The fixed amount of money a person earns in one year.

Monthly Salary

The fixed amount of money a person earns in one month.

Semi-Monthly Salary

The fixed amount of money a person earns twice a month.

Weekly Salary

The fixed amount of money a person earns in one week.

Overtime Pay

The extra pay given for working beyond $8\text{ hours}$, calculated at an additional rate above regular wages (e.g., $125\%$ on a regular day).

Commission

Earnings calculated as a percentage of sales made, which can be pure commission or combined with a base salary.

Piecework Earnings

Earnings based directly on the number of items or products completed.

Gross Income

The total earnings earned before any deductions are subtracted.

Net Pay

Also called take-home pay, it is the amount left after subtracting total deductions from gross income ($\text{Net Pay} = \text{Gross Income} - \text{Total Deductions}$).

Deductions

Amounts subtracted from gross pay required by law or mutual agreement.

Social Security System (SSS)

A mandatory deduction applicable specifically to private sector employees with an employee share rate of $5\%$.

Government Service Insurance System (GSIS)

A mandatory contribution system for public sector employees at a rate of $9\%$ of monthly salary rounded to the nearest peso.

Pag-IBIG Fund

A contribution applicable to all employees, commonly $2\%$ of monthly salary (or $\text{Php } 200$ employee share for incomes higher than $\text{Php } 1,500.00$).

PhilHealth

A health insurance contribution applicable to all employees with a rate of $2.5\%$ for the employee and $2.5\%$ for the employer ($5\%$ total).

Withholding Tax

An advanced payment of income tax withheld by BIR based on monthly salary brackets and applicable exemptions.

Pay Slip

Also called a payroll slip or salary slip, a document provided by an employer detailing employee earnings, allowances, deductions, and net pay for a pay period.

Percentage Change

A measurement indicating the extent to which a quantity has increased (positive result) or decreased (negative result) relative to its original value.

Inflation

The general increase in prices of goods and services over time.

Mark-up

The difference between the cost price of a product and its selling price ($\text{Mark-up} = \text{Selling Price} - \text{Cost Price}$).

Cost Price

The original price paid to acquire or produce a product.

Selling Price

The price at which a product is sold to customers.

Value Added Tax (VAT)

A $12\%$ tax added to the price of goods and services in the Philippines.

Sequence

A list of numbers arranged in a specific order following a specific rule or pattern.

Finite Sequence

A sequence containing a definite number of terms.

Infinite Sequence

A sequence containing an indefinite number of terms, indicated by an ellipsis ($\dots$) at the end.

Fibonacci Sequence

A sequence where each term after the first two is the sum of the two preceding terms (e.g., $1, 2, 3, 5, 8$).

Arithmetic Sequence

A type of sequence where each term after the first is obtained by adding a constant difference to the preceding term.

Common Difference

The constant difference between two consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence, denoted by $d$.

Geometric Sequence

A sequence where each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a constant ratio.

Common Ratio

The constant quotient between two consecutive terms in a geometric sequence, denoted by $r$.

Series

The sum of the terms of a sequence.

Partial Sum

The sum of the first $n$ terms of a sequence, denoted by $S_n$.

Sigma Notation

A shortened mathematical notation ($\sum$) used to compactly express a series.

Appreciation

The increase in the value of an asset (such as land or real estate) over time.

Depreciation

The decrease in the value of an asset over time due to usage, aging, or obsolescence.

Simple Interest

Interest computed solely on the original principal amount.

Compound Interest

Interest computed on the initial principal as well as on accumulated past interest.

Mortgage

A specific type of loan used to purchase real estate where the property serves as collateral.

Loan

Money borrowed from a bank or lender that must be repaid over time, usually with added interest.

Accumulated Value

The total worth of an investment after a given time, including the principal and accumulated interest or appreciation.

Frequency of Conversion

The number of interest conversion periods occurring in one year.

Scientific Notation

A method of writing numbers in the form $M \times 10^n$, where $1 \le M < 10$ and $n$ is an integer exponent.

Standard Notation

The conventional way of writing numbers using digits without exponents or powers of ten.

Gabriel Mouton

The French astronomer considered the founding father of the metric system in 1670.

Metric System

A decimal system of measurement based on powers of ten and standardized base units.

English System

Also called the Imperial system, a system of measurement commonly using units such as inches, feet, pounds, gallons, and degrees Fahrenheit.

Linear Function

A function whose graph forms a straight line, commonly written as $y = mx + b$.

Absolute Value Function

A function whose graph forms a V-shaped curve, written in the form $f(x) = |x - h| + k$.

Quadratic Function

A function whose graph forms a U-shaped parabola, containing a squared variable term.

Square Root Function

A function whose graph begins at a single endpoint and extends to one side under a radical symbol.