AP WORLD MIDTERM PERIOD 1

First 2 Islamic Empires:

1) Umayyad Empire (1st empire)

2) Abbasid Caliphate (2nd empire)

WHICH ISLAMIC EMPIRE?:

lost all centralized power

abbasid

WHICH ISLAMIC EMPIRE?:

golden age of Islam

ottomans

WHICH ISLAMIC EMPIRE?:

capital was Baghdad (which empire?)

Abbasid empire

Were the Seljuk turks arab?

no

Who were the seljuk turks originally?

nomads- abbasid slaves

Where were the seljuk turks from originally?

central asia

Seljuk leaders took the name _______ to connect with Islamic Empires

sultan

WHICH ISLAMIC EMPIRE?:

known as the "strong sword" of Islam and united muslims

ottoman empire

Who were the people who were Turkic Muslims who took over the lands of the Seljuk Turks and defeated the Byzantine Empire.

the ottomans

Was the ottoman empire a strong empire?

yes

Which ethnic group became dominant in the Ottoman Empire?

turks over arabs

WHICH ISLAMIC EMPIRE?:

Violently destroyed temples, idols, etc.

Delhi Sultanate

TRUE OR FALSE?:

the Delhi Sultanate was not Turkic?

false- it was

Jizya:

the tax that non muslims had to pay while they lived in Inda

TRUE OR FALSE?:

Islam never take over Hinduism (or became more dominant) in India

true

Could Hindus work in the Muslim government in India?

yes

Which religions?:

All 3 monotheistic religions mixed and interacted with each other in Spain.

judaism, christianity, islam

Capital of Spain?

cordoba

About 75% of people in Spain converted to ________

Islam

How were non-Muslims treated in spain?

As second class citizens

TRUE OR FALSE:

All three monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) ruled Spain at some point.

false- Jews never rules spain

__________ _____ _________ defeated the last Muslim city and forced all to convert to Christianity or leave

Isabella and Ferdinand

Who were most of the people living in East African commercial cities descendants of?

Bantu Africans

What helped grow East African cities?

Indian Ocean Trade

What language was spoken in East African cities?

Swahili

What were some trade goods exported from East Africa?

Gold, copper, leopard skins, slaves, and quartz

Were the Swahili city states independent?

yes

TRUE OR FALSE?:

Most Muslims living in Africa were Black Africans

true

How was the Swahili language written?

in Arabic script and had Arabian words in it

Name three major East African urban cities involved in Indian Ocean trade

Lamu, Mombasa, and Kilwa.

Main social classes in East African cities:

commoners and merchants

What role did East African cities play in trade?

They gathered goods from the African interior and sold them to outside traders.

Great Zimbabwe:

A very wealthy city surrounded by large stone walls

TRUE OR FALSE:?

The Kingdom of Mali had a monopoly on horses, salt, copper and gold that made them super rich

true

WHICH KINGDOM?

controlled Niger river trade

the Mali

What made mali muslims different from regular muslims?

- Muslim but with African influence

- Men and women were more equal

- Women did not veil and spent time with non-family men

Mansa Musa:

The SUPER RICH guy who did the Hajj and was throwing gold to the people

Banana in Africa:

made the population boom

Timbuktu:

a major trade city and center for islamic learning

How did the Mali fall?

they tried to gain land but ran out of money

Did Eastern Orthodox Christians have a pope?

no- the emperor of the Byzantines was God's representative on Earth

Was the Russian church separate from the Eastern Orthodox church?

yes

What did Eastern Orthodox Christians think about icons?

they were holy and even their shadows were holy

What was Kievan rus?

a society that was really organized

Before Kievan rus, who ruled city states?

princes

What was Kievan rus unified by?

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Who rules the Rus?

Prince Vladimir

What city was the center of Kievan Rus and gave the society its name?

Kiev

Who did the Rus borrow from?

Byzantine empire

How did Rus fall?

invaded by mongols and fell

EASTERN OR WESTERN CHRISTENDOM?:

Kievan rus

eastern

EASTERN OR WESTERN CHRISTENDOM?:

disunion, fragmented

western

EASTERN OR WESTERN CHRISTENDOM?:

unified people

eastern

EASTERN OR WESTERN CHRISTENDOM?:

more diverse, many cultures and languages

western

Serfdom:

- not slaves

- couldn't be sold- not owned

- could life with their families

- owed services

- protected during war

Lesser lords & knights _______ _________ to greater lords & kings

swore allegiance

What period in Europe saw improved life, warmer climate, and new ideas?

The High Middle Ages

Which regions remained politically fragmented during the High Middle Ages?

italy, germany

How did European kingdoms gain power?

By using Asian technologies like gunpowder, compass, rudder, and lateen sail.

Did European kings have to share power?

yes- with the church.

TRUE OR FALSE:

the European king's having to share power with the church made them more powerful.

False- it made them weaker

EASTERN OR WESTERN CHRISTENDOM?:

The pope controlled everyone's souls- including kings

western

What was the shared lang. of the catholic church?

latin

What did merchants often have to do in exchange for running their own cities?

Pay taxes to the king.

Why did merchants gain so much power and authority?

because kings were so busy contending to the church

what type of government did merchants help create?

parliament

What ended most of serfdom in Western Europe?

The black death

Mechanical energy sources that were invented in western europe:

windmills + watermills

Guilds:

organizations of people with the same trade or job

How did women's rights change in medieval Europe?

Rights eroded

What role did convents play for women in western europe?

gave them independence

Where did Europeans get Greek scientific and philosophical texts?

From the Byzantine Empire and Islamic world

How did Renaissance scholars use human reason?

To understand divine mysteries and the natural world together.

Where did the Renaissance begin?

italy

TRUE OR FALSE:

there was a high age of art during the renassiance

true

Why did Renaissance thinkers criticize the "Dark Ages"?

They saw it as a time of less education, learning, and cultural achievement.

Humanism

a Renaissance movement that emphasized human potential, achievement, and education

What was humanism inspired by

ancient greece and rome

Mayan characteristics:

- Complex religion

- Inter-city trade

- Concept of 0

- Independent city-states

AZTECS OR INCAS:

largest of the civilizations

aztecs

AZTECS OR INCAS:

tribute system

aztecs

AZTECS OR INCAS:

human sacrifice + slavery

aztecs

AZTECS OR INCAS:

capital was Tenochtitlan

aztecs

AZTECS OR INCAS:

conquered most of mexico's tribes

aztecs

TRUE OR FALSE?:

the Aztecs were technologically advanced

true

AZTECS OR INCAS:

andes mountains

incas

Trade was _________ in the andes

vertical

What does it mean when trade was said to be "vertical" in the Andes?

Low lying areas needed goods from higher areas and vice versa

TRUE OR FALSE?

The Incas were larger than the Aztecs

true

AZTECS OR INCAS:

bureaucracy

incas

AZTECS OR INCAS:

no written language

incas

AZTECS OR INCAS:

roads

incas

AZTECS OR INCAS:

steppe farming

incas

AZTECS OR INCAS:

mita system

incas

mita system:

the labor tax used by the Inca Empire where every household was required to provide periodic labor for the state.

Characteristics of the Aztecs:

Tenochtitlan

Tribute system

Slavery- often sacrificed

Human sacrifice

Characteristics of the Incas:

Bureaucracy

Larger than Aztecs

Mita system

No written language

Steppe farming

Gender parallelism:

Men and women have their own power in their own sphere of influence.

Early american civilizations:

Men worshipped the _______

sun