ROCKS AND MINERALS

ROCKS

• sum of one or more minerals in different ratios

• petrology

• igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

IGNEOUS ROCKS

• formed when magma crystallizes

• intrusive (lower lithosphere, high pressure, grainy structure)

• extrusive (land/underwater, porphyory structure)

• acidity

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

• biggest part of Earths area

• formed by the decomposition of other rocks in water and by precipitation

• sediment

• layered structure

• clastic, chemical, biogenic

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

• consist of fragments of other rocks

• desert=heating and cooling, colder area=fissure ice

• prapor (agriculture), marl (cement)

• panonska hrvatska i jadranski otoci (prapor)

• dalmacija i istra (marl)

CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

• formed when a saturated solution crystallizes

• gypsium and kitchen salt, sigovina i sedra

• donja cetovačka špilja, plitvička jezera, rijeka krk

BIOGENIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

• formed out of living organisms

• limestone (skeletal remains of organisms)

• dolomit (limesotne + sea water)

• carbon (coal)

• oil (decomposition of dead organisms on the seafloor)

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

• occur when solid rock changes in composition/texture without the mineral crystals melting

• mineral composition and structure changes

• marble (italy i sinj)

• škriljavosti

• zeleni škriljavac

MINERALS

• naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition

• formed through geological processes (cooling molten rock, evaporation of mineral-rich water etc)