13 Colonies Vocabulary Review

Vocabulary flashcards defining key terms, historical figures, colonial regions, and documents from the 13 Colonies lecture notes.

New England Colonies

The colonial region consisting of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire, characterized by flat terrain along a rocky coastline, hard rocky land, cold climate, and long winters.

Middle Colonies

The colonial region consisting of Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware, known as the 'Breadbasket Colonies' and recognized as the most ethnically diverse region.

Southern Colonies

The colonial region consisting of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, settled primarily for economic reasons with rich fertile soil and large plantations.

Subsistence Farmers

Farmers who grow just enough food to survive, making up the majority of farmers in the New England colonies.

Breadbasket Colonies

The nickname given to the Middle Colonies because of all the wheat and corn grown in the region.

Mayflower Compact

A document created by the Pilgrims that began majority rule and self-government in Massachusetts.

Squanto

The Native American who helped the Pilgrims survive in Massachusetts.

John Winthrop

A Puritan leader associated with the founding and governance of Massachusetts.

William Bradford

A Pilgrim leader associated with the Plymouth colony and Massachusetts history.

John Mason

The founder of New Hampshire, who established the colony in 1623.

Roger Williams

The founder of Rhode Island in 1636, who established the colony for religious freedom based on treaties with the Narragansett Indians.

Anne Hutchinson

A settler who went to Rhode Island after being kicked out of Massachusetts.

Thomas Hooker

The Puritan minister who founded Connecticut in 1636 for freedom of religion.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

The document established in Connecticut that served as the first constitution or written plan of government in the New World.

Peter Minuit

The Dutch leader who bought the land of New Netherlands from Native Americans for $24$ worth of trinkets, beads, and blankets.

Duke of York

The future King James II, in whose honor England conquered New Netherland in 1644 and renamed it New York.

Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret

The founders of New Jersey in 1664, which was settled for religious and political freedom.

William Penn

The Quaker who founded Pennsylvania in 1681 as a religious experiment for religious freedom.

Quakers

A peaceful religious group in Pennsylvania who believed all people are equal and made treaties with Native Americans.

Delaware

A colony founded in 1681 that formed in the early 1700s when the lower three counties broke away from Pennsylvania.

Lord Baltimore

The founder of Maryland in 1632, established as a refuge for Catholics fleeing persecution.

Toleration Act

An act passed in Maryland that allowed freedom of religion to attract more settlers.

Virginia Company of London

The company that created the colony of Virginia, starting at Jamestown in 1607.

John Smith

The leader who saved the Jamestown colony in Virginia.

House of Burgesses

The first representative assembly in the American colonies, established in Virginia.

Charleston

The major port city located in South Carolina, a colony that imported more slaves than any other colony.

James Oglethorpe

The founder of Georgia in 1132, who established the colony as a refuge for debtors, a buffer against Spanish Florida, and to make profit for England.