Lesson 1: Atomic structure
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30 Terms
What is an atom?
The basic building block of matter and the smallest unit of an element
What three particles make up an atom?
Protons neutrons and electrons
Where is the nucleus?
At the center of the atom
What is the nucleus made of?
Protons and neutrons
What is the electron cloud?
The space around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found
Which part of the atom makes up most of its volume?
The electron cloud
Which part of the atom holds most of its mass?
The nucleus
How much larger can the electron cloud be than the nucleus?
Up to about 100000 times larger
Charge of a proton?
Positive (1+)
Charge of a neutron?
Neutral (no charge)
Charge of an electron?
Negative (1-)
What happens to the charges when protons and electrons pair up?
They are equal and opposite so they cancel out
Where are protons and neutrons located?
In the nucleus
Where are electrons located?
In the electron cloud around the nucleus
What unit measures the mass of subatomic particles?
The unified atomic mass unit (u)
Mass of a proton?
About 1 u
Mass of a neutron?
About 1 u
Mass of an electron?
About 0.0005 u or roughly 2000 times lighter than a proton
What determines which element an atom is?
The number of protons
What is the atomic number (Z)?
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus
In a neutral atom the atomic number also equals what?
The number of electrons
When is an atom neutral?
When its number of protons equals its number of electrons
What is the mass number?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
How do you find the number of neutrons?
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number
What is an element?
A type of atom defined by its unique number of protons
What is an isotope?
A version of an element with a different number of neutrons and a different mass
What is a chemical symbol?
A unique one or two letter abbreviation for an element
How is the second letter of a two letter symbol written?
In lowercase
How is the periodic table ordered?
By increasing atomic number from left to right and top to bottom
What do elements in the same column share?
Similar physical and chemical properties