SINGAPORE IN ATTAINING TIGER ECONOMY STATUS

Malayan Union

Formed in 1946, consisting of Peninsular Malaya under British control.

Federation of Malaya

Established in 1948; included Malaya, Penang, and Malacca.

Malaya, Penang, Malacca

The Federation of Malaya includes ___, ___, and ___ (MPM).

Crown

Singapore functioned as a British ___ Colony before joining Malaysia.

Federation of Malaysia

Founded in 1963, composed of Malaya, North Borneo (Sabah), Sarawak, and Singapore.

Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, Singapore

The Federation of Malaysia is composed of ___, ___, ___, and ___.

Malays, Chinese

The Federation of Malaysia faced tension between two major ethnic groups: ___ and ___.

Chinese

Malay Concerns: Malays feared their culture and political influence were threatened by the growing ___ population.

Expelled

1965: Singapore was ___ from Malaysia to maintain a Malay majority in the Federation.

Republic of Singapore

Officially established on August 9, 1965, after separation from Malaysia (ROS).

Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak

Post-1965 Malaysia Composition: Malaysia became composed of ___, ___, and ___.

Land

Geographical Problem (1): Singapore had a small total ___ area of 736.3 square kilometers.

Rough, rugged

Geographical Problem (2): The island’s land was ___ and ___, made of igneous, granite, and sedimentary rock.

Natural resources

Geographical Problem (3): Singapore lacked ___ such as arable land and natural lakes.

Little India, Chinatown, Kampong Glam

Ethnic Districts: Cultural areas such as ___, ___, and ___ reflect its diverse society.

Chinese

Malaysia’s View of Singapore: Distrusted Singapore because of its dominant ___ population.

Independent

Indonesia’s View of Singapore: Disapproved of Singapore becoming an ___ state.

Strait of Malacca, South China Sea

Singapore’s Geographic Asset (1): Located strategically along major shipping routes: the ___ and the ___.

Lee Kuan Yew

Singapore’s first Prime Minister, serving from 1965 to 1990.

People’s Action Party

Political party founded in 1954 by Lee Kuan Yew to oppose British colonial rule (PAP).

Left, right

PAP Political Orientation: Began as a ___-of-center party in 1954, later shifted to center and ___-of-center after the 1960s.

Investors, education, discipline

Lee Kuan Yew’s Main Programs: Focused on strengthening the economy, attracting foreign ___, developing trade, banking, ___, and promoting ___ and racial tolerance.

Textiles, electronics

Industrialization Program (1960s–1970s) : Promoted labor-intensive industries such as ___ and ___ to create jobs and strengthen the economy.

5

New industries were given ___-year tax exemptions to encourage growth.

Technology, industry

Economic Diversification (1980s–1990s): Shifted toward ___ and ___ diversification to sustain economic growth.

Petrochemicals, shipbuilding,biotech, aerospace

Industrial and Technological Diversification: Focused on ___, ___, ___, finance, and ___ sectors.

GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Merck & Co

Global Biotech Companies in Singapore include ___, ___, and ___

Research, technical education

Support for Diversification: Achieved through ___ and development and aligning ___ with industry needs.

Rubber

Industrial Development: Singapore processed and developed Malaysia’s ___.

Oil, petroleum

Industrial Development: Singapore refined Indonesia’s ___ and ___.

Tax, registration

Attracting Foreign Manufacturers: Achieved through industrial parks, ___ breaks, and simplified business ___.

Shell, Unilever, Microsoft, Hewlett Packard, Texas Instruments

Major Global Manufacturers in Singapore: Included ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___.

Trade Agreements Policy

Included offering trade concessions and promoting free trade by removing trade barriers.

Marina Bay Sands, Sentosa Island Resort, Universal Studios

Tourism Development Projects: Included ___, ___, and ___ to attract high-value tourists.

Singapore

Infrastructure Development (Ports): Port of ___ developed for cargo handling.

Mass Rapid Transit

Infrastructure Development (Transportation): Built rail systems like the ___ (MRT) for efficient mobility.

Changi Airport

Constructed to serve as Singapore’s main air travel hub.

Skilled

Heavy investment in schools and universities to meet the needs of a modern, ___ economy.

National University of Singapore

Established in 1980 as a national public research university (NUS).

Anti-Corruption Policy

Lee Kuan Yew implemented strict measures against corruption, targeting even high-ranking officials.

Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau

Established to investigate and prosecute corruption cases in all levels of government (CPIB).

Charged, salaries

Elimination of Corruption Measures: CPIB was given wide powers, dishonest officials were ___, and ministers were paid high ___ to discourage corruption.

Communication

Racial Tolerance Policy (___): Encouraged religious groups to communicate regularly to promote harmony.

Equality

Racial Tolerance Policy (___): Ensured fair treatment for all Singaporeans regardless of race or religion.

English

Racial Tolerance Policy (Language): Made ___ the official language for both public and private communication.

Criminalized

Discipline Policy (Public Behavior): ___ theft, vandalism, and unauthorized marking of property.

Chewing Gum

Discipline Policy: Made ___ illegal to maintain cleanliness and order.

Caning

Discipline Policy (Corporal Punishment): Introduced ___ as a penalty for minor crimes to promote discipline.

Merlion

National Symbol of Singapore: The ___, a mythical creature with a lion’s head and a fish’s body, symbolizes Singapore.