digestive system

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14 Terms

1
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Mouth

The organ where ingestion occurs; it performs mechanical digestion via teeth and chemical digestion through salivary amylase to break down carbohydrates.

2
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Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach, using wave-like muscle contractions called peristalsis to move food (bolus).

3
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Stomach

A muscular sac that performs mechanical churning and chemical digestion using gastric juices, including hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pepsin, to turn food into chyme.

4
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Small Intestine

The primary site for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption, consisting of 3 main parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

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Large Intestine (Colon)

The organ responsible for absorbing water, minerals, and vitamins from indigestible food matter and processing waste into feces.

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Liver

A vital organ that produces bile, which is essential for the emulsification and digestion of lipids (fats).

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Gallbladder

A small storage organ located under the liver that concentrates and stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine.

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Pancreas

A gland that produces digestive enzymes (amylase, protease, and lipase) and secretes bicarbonate to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the small intestine.

9
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Rectum

The final section of the large intestine that acts as a temporary storage site for feces before they are eliminated via the anus.

10
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Large Intestine (Colon)

The organ responsible for absorbing water, minerals, and vitamins from indigestible food matter and processing waste into feces.

11
New cards

Liver

A vital organ that produces bile, which is essential for the emulsification and digestion of lipids (fats).

12
New cards

Gallbladder

A small storage organ located under the liver that concentrates and stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine.

13
New cards

Pancreas

A gland that produces digestive enzymes (amylase, protease, and lipase) and secretes bicarbonate to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the small intestine.

14
New cards

Rectum

The final section of the large intestine that acts as a temporary storage site for feces before they are eliminated via the anus.