Unit 5 Key Terms

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

passed by France's National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

: a law passed on 12 July 1790 during the French Revolution, that subordinated the Roman Catholic Church in France to the French government.

Jacobin

The radical republican party during French Revolution that displaced the Girondins

Maximillian Robespierre

A lawyer from northern France, who as leader for the Committee of Public Safety laid out the principles of the Reign of Terror

Committee of Public Safety

created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793, formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror

Civil Code

The French Legal system formulated by Napoleon in 1804. It ensured equal treatment under the law to all men and guaranteed religious liberty, but it curtailed many rights of women

Concordat of 1801

agreement between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII that reestablished the Roman Catholic Church in France. Napoleon

Congress of Vienna

Face to face negotiations (1814-1815) between the great powers to settle the boundaries of European states and determined who would rule each nation after the defeat of Napoleon.

Jean-Paul Marat

notorious for his inspiring yet aggressive publications during the French Revolution, was one of the most influential characters of the late 18th century. His radical publications helped induce the violent manner of the Revolution

Declaration of Pillnitz

Hapsburg Leopold II and Frederick William II of Prussia declared support for Louis XVI against the French Revolution.

Principle of Legitimacy

: The guiding principle in the creation of peace and stability in Europe through the reestablishment of the legitimate monarchs who would preserve traditional Institutions

Concert of Europe

Was a general agreement among the great powers of 19th-century Europe to maintain the European balance of power, political boundaries, and spheres of influence

Conservatism

An ideology that emerged during the 1790s that centers around obedience to political authority and the belief that organized religion was crucial to social order. Conservatives were also generally opposed to revolutionary upheavals and demands for civil liberties and representative governments.

Klemmens Von Metternich

was a conservative Austrian statesman and diplomat who was at the center of the European balance of power known as the Concert of Europe for three decades as the Austrian Empire's foreign minister from 1809 and Chancellor from 1821 until the liberal Revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation.

Nationalism

A political, social, and economic ideology and movement characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining sovereignty over the homeland

Seven Years War

was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. It ultimately helped Britain become the leading power in Europe

Liberalism

An ideology that emerged during the French Revolution, liberalism centered around the protection of civil liberties and the basic rights of all people, religious toleration for all, the right of peaceful opposition to the government, and the creation of representative governments

Women’s March on Versailles

was one of the earliest and most significant events of the French Revolution. It began among womeninthe marketplaces of Paris who, on the 5th October 1789, were nearly rioting over the high price of bread. The unrest quickly became intertwined with the activities of revolutionaries seeking liberal political reforms and a constitutional monarchy for France

Society of Republican Revolutionary Women

a feminist society with the primary purpose of defending the French Revolution. Founded by Pauline Léon and Claire Lancombe

Napoleon Bonaparte

The French General who became 1st Consul in 1799 and Emperor in 1804