Chapter 9: anthropometry and biomechanics

need for anthropometric measure

ensure proper fit for clothing, tools, and workspaces

designs must accommodate a range of users

key considerations: clearance, reach, strength posture, constraints (one way vs two ways)

anthropometric measurement

structural and funtional

structural (static)

measurements in a fixed posture

functional (dynamic)

measurements during movement or task execution

tools for anthropometric measurement

anthropometer, calipers, tape, cones, 3d manikins

methods of anthropometric measurement

data collection, fitting trials, mockups

common measures in anthropometric analyses

range, mean, standard deviation, percentiles, z cores (calc percentages)

issues with measuring anthropometric analyses

data distribution assumption

sample generalizability

design for adjustability

goal is to fit users from 5th percentile female to 95th percentile male

accounts for clothing, secular growth, tool/glove use

What is the ideal height for good seating?

Feet flat on the floor

What is the purpose of depth in seating?

Supports back, especially for smaller users

What should the width of seating accommodate?

Larger users and separation

What is the benefit of tilt/backrest in seating?

Comfort and load distribution

What is the recommended work surface height for detailed work while standing?

Above elbow.

What is the recommended work surface height for tool use while standing?

Below elbow.

What is the recommended work surface height for force use while standing?

Much lower.

What is the recommended work surface height for paperwork while seated?

Above elbow.

What is the recommended work surface height for computer work while seated?

Near elbow level.

controls and hand anthropometry

control size

force required

glove use

grip, texture, and shape

biomechanics

study of joint movements and posture

motions of biomechanics

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

hand motions

ulnar/radial deviation, pronation/supinations, dorsiflexion

hand injuries

tendonitis (inflammation of the tendons)

carpal Tunnel (nerve compression)

work place design

reach envelope and line of side

consider proper posture for computer use

special populations to consider

children

disabled

universal design