standards for nutrient intake

Dietary reference intakes

reference values that are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for apparently healthy people

estimated average requirement

daily intake that is estimated to meet the requirement in half of the apparently healthy individuals in a life stage or gender group

- basis for RDA

- if an EAR cannot be established, and RDA cannot be set

recommended dietary allowance

average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97-98%) apparently healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group

- can only be set if EAR is able to be set for a nutrient

adequate intake

a value based on experimentally derived intake levels or approximations of observed mean nutrient intakes by a group of healthy people

- used if an RDA cannot be set, because an EAR is unable to be determined

tolerable upper intake level

the highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects in almost all individuals in the specified life stage group

estimated energy requirement

average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy person of a defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity

assessing intake for a group

- use EAR

- do not use RDA

acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs)

guidance to ensure adequate intake and decrease risk of chronic disease

nutrient density

initially define as the ratio of the amount of a nutrient in a food to the energy provided by the same food

nutrient profiling

use of nutrient density and other nutrient composition qualities to rank foods

- grocery store labeling systems

- often proprietary formulas

diet quality

based on one of the three approaches to diet assessment:

1. comparing intake of certain nutrients/food components to a standard

2. comparing intake of foods or food groups to a standard

3. evaluating nutrient intake and foods/food group

diet quality index

used to assess overall diet quality of groups, and evaluate risk for chronic disease related to dietary pattern

- higher DQI scores indicates improved diet quality

Healthy eating index

instrument to assess how well the diets of Americans adhere to US federal diet guidance

- adequacy and moderation components

2020-2025 Guidelines for Americans

1. follow a healthy dietary pattern at every life stage

2. customize and enjoy nutrient-dense food and beverage choices to reflect personal preferences, cultural traditions, and budgetary considerations

3. focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient-dense foods and beverages, and stay within calorie limits

4. limit foods + bevs higher in added sugars, saturated fat, sodium, and limit alcoholic bevs

"reduced" or "less" claims

must contain 25% less than a comparable food

health claim

- any claim that characterizes the relationship of a nutrient in the food to a disease/condition

- foods containing health claims must contain 20% or less DV of fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium

- cannot imply the food product itself helps prevent disease

daily values

no intended to serve as recommended intakes, rather reference points for regulatory purposes on labels

how many calories are in 1g of CHO

4

how many calories are in 1g of fat

9

how many calories are in 1g of protein

4

how many calories are in 1g of alcohol

7