quebecois nationalism

when did britain gain control over new france (aka canada)

after the battle of the plains of abraham in 1760

explain the quebec act

allowed french living under british rule to maintain important parts of identity (language and roman catholic relgiion dd this bc they didnt want quebec to join american revolution

explain the First World War
Conscription

• Conscription (forced military service) became a controversial issue in Quebec during World War I.

• Many people in Quebec saw the war as a British conflict, and since Canada was part of the British Commonwealth, it got involved because of its ties to Britain.

• As a result, many in Quebec did not support conscription, feeling they shouldn't have to fight in a war they didn't see as their own.

explain The Richard Riots

• The Canadiens hockey team was seen by many Quebecers as a symbol of victory over English-speaking Canadians (who were often seen as oppressors).

• In 1955, Maurice Richard, one of the team’s biggest stars, was suspended by the league commissioner, Clarence Campbell.

• Many Quebecers felt that the suspension was unfair and an attempt to prevent the Canadiens from succeeding.

• This led to the Richard Riots—violent protests in Montreal in reaction to Richard’s suspension.

• The riots reflected the cultural tensions between the French-speaking Quebecers and the English-speaking majority in Canada

explain flq

Domestic Terrorism : The
FLQ
• Many people in Quebec felt that there was not
enough being done to preserve French culture. A
group of strong seperatist emerged and
committed a domestic act of terrorism.
• The Front de Libération du Québec [FLQ] was a
militant Quebec separatist group. Founded in the
early 1960s with the aim of establishing an
independent and socialist Quebec through violent
means, the FLQ was considered a terrorist group
by the Canadian government.

pierre trudeau

explain royal commision of bilingualism and biculturalism

one fo the most important outcoms was the official languages act where french and english were canadas official languages , federal services available in both languages, ensure francophones and anglohpones had equal opportunities to work in parliemetn and federal instituations

explain the quiet revoluton

• It was called the "quiet" revolution because it involved peaceful changes, rather than violent uprisings.

• The goal was to modernize Quebec and reduce the influence of the Catholic Church in the province's politics and daily life.

• The Quebec government took control over areas like education, healthcare, and social services, which had previously been controlled by the Church.

• There was a push for French-Canadian identity, leading to more emphasis on French language and culture.

• The movement also inspired a rise in Quebec nationalism, with some people calling for greater autonomy or even separation from Canada.

• "Jean Lesagemaitres chez nous (masters in our own
  house).

  
  

• The October Crisis started in October 1970 when the FLQ (Front de libération du Québec), a radical group, kidnapped Pierre Laporte, Quebec’s Deputy Premier, and James Cross, a British diplomat.

• In response, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau used the War Measures Act for the first time in peacetime in Canada. This gave the police extra powers to arrest and detain people without charge.

• 497 people were arrested during the crisis. After negotiations, James Cross was released, but tragically, Pierre Laporte was murdered by the kidnappers.

• Public opinion at the time supported the use of the War Measures Act, but some leaders, like René Lévesque and Tommy Douglas, criticized the response.

• After the crisis, support for Quebec independence grew stronger, and the Parti Québécois, a political party seeking autonomy or independence for Quebec, became more popular, eventually forming the government in 1976.

what did pierre trudeau introduce

Department of Regional Economic Expansion (DREE) to promote economic conditions in
Canada’s poorer regions
• Foreign Investment Review Agency (FIRA) to limit American control of the Canadian
Economy
• The Official languages Act (1969) Made Canada an officially bilingual country (French and
English) which was used to stop Quebec independence.
• Multiculturalism Act (1971) Emphasized that all ethnic groups are equal.

quebecois still felt excluded so what did they do

Their solutions: Support for Quebec
independence was increasing along with
support for Rene Levesque's separatist party,
the Partis Quebecois.

what did Rene Levesque' do

• He appealed to the common man and was extremely
popular. He endorsed ethnic (French) nationalism
through his famous Bill 101 (1977)

explain bill 101


The bill was passed into law, banning the
usage of English on outdoor signs.
• It restricted access to English schools.
• The law was designed to make French the
only official language of Quebec.
• This was a direct challenge to Trudeau’s
vision of a bilingual Canada.




1982: Canadian Charter
of Rights and Freedoms

After the 1980 Quebec Referendum,
Trudeau proceeded to give Canada its
own constitution and Charter of Rights.
• The Charter includes protection for
minority languages in Canada and
reaffirmed Canada as a bilingual
country.