(3.1) 6, 7, 8 - ATP ,water, inorganic ions

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17 Terms

1
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ATP nucleotide structure

  • 3 phosphate groups

  • ribose sugar

  • adenine base

2
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what does ATP stand for

Adenosine Triphosphate

3
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How does ATP release energy

  • hydrolysis

  • ATP hydrolase

  • breaks unstable bonds between phosphate groups

  • energy released

  • makes ADP + Pi

4
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How does ATP use energy

  • condensation

  • ATP synthase

  • energy used

  • make ATP + water

5
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Where does ATP use energy

  • respiration

  • photosynthesis

  • metabolic processes

  • active transport

6
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Why is ATP an immediate energy source

  • unstable bonds between phosphates easily broken (repulsion)

  • high energy bonds

7
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Diagram for uses of ATP

8
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6 properties of water

  • dipolar (O more electronegative)

  • cohesive → hydrogen bonds

  • high specific heat capacity

  • high latent heat of vapourisation

  • solvent

  • transparent

9
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specific heat capacity

energy required to raise 1kg of a substance by 1OC without changing state

10
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specific latent heat of vapourisation

energy required to change state from liquid ot gas

11
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why is water a good buffer against sudden temperature changes

  • high specific heat capacity

  • hydrogen bonds require more energy to raise temperature of water

  • maintains constant environment → buffer in aquatic environment

12
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why is high latent heat of vapourisation of water useful in hot weather?

  • hydrogen bonds

  • thermal energy to break bonds

  • sweat evaporates

  • cooling effect

13
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how are cohesive properties useful in plants

  • allows flow of water → transport of substances in xylem

  • photosynthesis (water from xylem)

14
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why are pond skaters abe to walk on water

  • hydrogen bonds

  • create cohesion

  • surface tension

15
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where are inorganic ions found

  • organisms in solution (eg cytoplam/bodily fluids)

16
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5 examples of inorganic ions

  • H+

  • phosphate ions

  • iron ions

  • sodium + potassium

  • sodium

17
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5 uses of inorganic ions

  • hydrogen - pH

  • iron - haemoglobin

  • phosphate - DNA / RNA / ATP

  • sodium + potassium - electrical impulses

  • sodium - transport of glucose and amino acids across plasma membrane